No abstract

Achieving food security is crucial, and a primary development goal worldwide. However, there is a difficulty in finding reliable data on the topic, which raised a problem for policymakers and researchers as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to fill in this gap by examining the dynamics of regional food security. The main research objective was to identify the determinants of food security in Azerbaijan, Singapore, Austria, Georgia and Hungary. Furthermore, a specific objective was to investigate the short-and long-term impacts of both endogenous and exogenous shocks on the food security of the selected countries. The study collected large scale panel dataset between 1992 and 2019. The empirical model suggested that food import, foreign direct investment, inflation, annual per capita income and Human Development Index had a positive, while the flow of food export had an adverse impact on the food security status of the selected countries. The study recommended to the governments of selected countries and to developmental organisations to achieve national food security through indigenous agricultural interventions along with supporting domestic growers by investing in agricultural education, skill development and infrastructure programs.

This study investigates the multiple and complex relationship between transport and tourism by various methods. Features of the relationship between the transport distance and tourism intensity will be identified and the connections between the accessibility of European regions and their tourism will be analysed.

Know­ledge flow is de­scribed by two con­tra­dict­ing the­or­ies. One of them claims that know­ledge can only be put in prac­tice if in ad­di­tion to writ­ten ele­ments, its tacit parts can also be trans­ferred. This is why prox­im­ity and a com­mon cul­ture mat­ter, and RDI (re­search, de­vel­op­ment and in­nov­a­tion) in­tense activ­it­ies tend to spa­tially con­cen­trate. Ac­cord­ing to the other the­ory, gov­ern­mental RDI ex­pendit­ure is a good way to re­duce re­gional gaps. In this paper EU’s Ho­ri­zon 2020 re­search fund­ing frame­work data is ana­lysed and ef­forts are made at de­cid­ing which the­ory is con­firmed by them. Should the lead­ers in in­nov­a­tion have a dif­fer­ent RDI policy than those with poorer RDI res­ults? An over­view is given of the main policy de­bates that form and in­flu­ence na­tional and supra­na­tional re­search, de­vel­op­ment and in­nov­a­tion policy frame­works and sub­sid­ising sys­tems. The cur­rent state of the Hun­garian RDI sec­tor is de­scribed and con­clu­sions are drawn on sub­sid­isa­tion policy in light of the H2020 data.

ÖsszefoglalásA Szovjetunió megszűnése után a közép-ázsiai régió geopolitikai szerepe felértékelődött. Ásványkincsei és Európa és Ázsia közötti kulcsfontosságú földrajzi elhelyezkedése miatt a térség a nagyhatalmak közötti versengés terepévé vált. Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom meg, mely hatalmak milyen érdekekkel vannak jelen a régióban, és menynyiben szolgálják ezek a törekvések a régió érdekeit. Kína és Oroszország geopolitikai stratégiai érdekeik mentén hangsúlyosan jelen vannak Közép-Ázsiában. A Moszkva által dominált Eurázsiai Gazdasági Unió és a Peking által kezdeményezett Övezet és Út program egyaránt igen aktív a térségben. Oroszország és Kína térségbeli viszonyát elemezve felvetődik a kérdés, hogy versengésről, együttműködésről vagy együttműködésen alapuló versenyről van szó.