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Gamma spectrometric analysis was done on all the different sources of water samples in the rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area of Oyo State in Nigeria. Water samples were collected from 6 boreholes, 11 streams, 5 taps, and 41 hand-dug wells. The water samples were analyzed using a high-purity germanium detector at the National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research, Ibadan, Nigeria. Radionuclides found in the water samples include 40K, 232Th, and 238U. The average amount of 40K found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 3.22, 2.23, 2.11, and 1.77 Bq L−1, respectively. The average amount of 232Th found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 0.57, 0.46, 0.47, and 0.55 Bq L−1, respectively. The average amount of 238U found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 0.54, 0.27, 0.29, and 0.61 Bq L−1, respectively. The annual effective doses calculated from radionuclides in the water are 0.11, 0.09, 0.09, and 0.11 mSv for borehole, stream, tap, and well, respectively.

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Background: Cardisoma Armatum has been one of the popular sources of protein among many people for this reason, we are motivated to identify and quantify the levels of Pb, Cr, Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Ni from the edible tissues of Cardisoma Armatum. Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the level of metals in Cardisoma Armatum, estimate the daily intake of these metals then use that to determine the health risk index of the samples. Methodology: Samples were collected from a fresh water coastal area and the edible tissues were separated from the other parts; this was then digested for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for the analysis of the samples. Results: Mean concentration of lead (Pb) range is 0.013±0.01 -0.0015±0.10 mg/kg with mean of 4.73E-03 mg/kg. Chromium (Cr) range is 0.01±0.50 -BDL with mean of 5.54E-03 mg/kg Zinc (Zn) the value range is 5.13±0.10 -0.73±0.40 and its mean is 3.94E+00 mg/kg; Cadmium (Cd) has its value range of 0.0065±0.05 -0.0005±0.25 and the mean of 1.43E-03 mg/kg. Copper (Cu) has the range of 0.31±0.10 -0.028±0.04 and a mean of 1.82E-01 mg/kg; Nickel (Ni) has the range of 3.25±0.06 -BDL with a mean of 1.59E+00; Manganese (Mn) has the range of 1.54±0.03 -0.12±0.01 an mean of 9.55E-01 mg/kg the Arsenic (As) has the concentration of 0.0018±0.76 -BDL and a mean of 9.06E-04 mg/kg. These values were used to compute the Estimation of Daily Intake (EDI) per metals per sample. The Mean EDI for each metal is in the range of: (Pb) 8.99E-06 -1.08E-06; (Cr) 0.00 -1.80E-06; (Zn) 3.95E-03 -1.47E-03; (Cd) 4.77E-06 -3.59E-07; (Cu) 2.19E-04 -1.97E-05; (Ni) 0.00 -3.24E-05; (Mn) 9.82E-04 -8.63E-05; (As)0.00 -1.79E-07. Conclusion: Health risk index (HRI) was obtained; the metal levels in edible tissues of Cardisoma Armatum did not exceed the standard guideline values. Thus, the estimated hazard index (HI) suggests that these metals in the edible tissues of the Cardisoma Armatum were not toxic for consumers, where the HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1.

Natural radioactivity in twenty (20) brands of sachet water produced in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria was analyzed using well-shielded, calibrated NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. The measured activity concentration varies from 0.89 ± 0.24 Bql-1 to 11.65 ± 2.83 Bql-1 for 238U, 0.41 ± 0.05 Bql-1 to 8.78 ± 0.97 Bql-1 for 232Th and 4.29 ± 0.4 Bql-1 to 37.48 ± 2.51 Bql-1 for 40K. The mean annual effective dose calculated for the age groups 0–1 y, 1–2 y, 2–7 y, 7–12y, 12–17 y, and > 17 y are 4.82, 0.64, 0.57, 0.59, 0.65, 0.76mSv respectively. The total annual effective dose from consumption of some of the sachet water exceeded the world average values of 0.12mSv reported by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The values also exceed the World Health Organization and International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended values of 0.1mSv and 1.0mSv respectively. This showed that there might be radiological risks arising from the consumption of the analyzed sachet water.