Abstract. Pratasik SB, Lalamentik LTHX, Manoppo L, Budiman J. 2022. Deep sea squid in Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1774-1779. This study aimed to identify one of the deep sea squids caught in artisanal fisheries by traditional fishermen in Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples were collected using the vertical hand line of traditional fishermen. The specimen was identified using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). For morphometric characteristics, all body parts were measured, and each part was compared with mantle size. Results showed that the specimen was identified as purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and had 99.35% similarity to S. oualaniensis (CO1) from China (NCBI - MN101944) with sufficient genetic diversity. Based on the body size, species recorded in the present study belong to the dwarf form, the smallest form of S. oualaniensis groups. The species has the following morphometric characteristics: Head length is 0.28 of mantle length, tentacle length is 1.158 of mantle length, and fin area is 0.5 of mantle length. The fourth arm is the shortest and the second arm is the longest. S. oualaniensis recorded in the present study belonged to dwarf form living in equatorial waters. This finding may contribute to the list of marine resources of fisheries in Indonesian waters.

Coral reef is an ecosystem built by calcium-producing marine biota, especially corals. One of the reef-building corals (hermatypic) is Faviidae that is distributed in almost all territories of Indonesia. This study was carried out in the reef flat of Bahowo, Tongkaina, Manado. Data collections used the sampling method with quadrat. There were 6 genera of Faviidae recorded in this study, Favia, Favites, Goniastrea, Leptoria, Montastrea, and Platygyra with clumped distribution patterns.Keywords: hermatypic; genera; ecosystem; quadrat. AbstrakTerumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang dibangun oleh biota laut penghasil kapur, terutama oleh hewan karang. Salah satu karang pembentuk terumbu (hermatipik) adalah karang batu Faviidae yang memiliki penyebaran hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rataan terumbu Bahowo, kelurahan Tongkaina, kota Manado. Berdasarkan hasil pencatatan data dengan menggunakan metode sampling kuadrat yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak (MS Excel) diperoleh 6 genera karang batu Faviidae, yaitu Favia, Favites, Goniastrea, Leptoria, Montastrea, dan Platygyra dengan pola distribusi yang mengelompok.Kata kunci: hermatipik; ekosistem; genera; kuadrat.

This research was carried out in the coastal waters of Ratatotok Village with the purpose of: 1. Knowing the condition of  aquatic environment at research location. 2. Identify seagrass species from Ratatotok waters. 3. To determine the composition of seagrass species which included: Species Density, Relative Density, Abundance, Relative Abundance, Domination, Relative Domination, Frequency, Relative Frequency and Important Values. 7 species from of 2 families  were found in this research  i.e. Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Halodule uninervis) and Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii). The number of seagrass stands in the research were ranged from 26-2699 individuals. Species density were found to range from to 9.51 to 987.06 / m².  Relative density were varied from 0.72 to 75.08%. Frequency of occurence were also varied from to 0.69 to 8.46. Relative frequency were ranged  from to 2,68-33.04%. Abundance were found to range from to 10.08-1046.88. Relative abundance were varied  from 0.72-75.08%. The dominance were range from to 28.89-2998.89 and relative dominance from to 0.72-75.08%. The important value of seagrass in the Ratatotok waters showed that Syringodium isoetifolium had important value reaching to 183.20 %. important values of Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii were 41.93 % and 26.68 % respectively .In addition,  these two species were  consisted of  relatively large individual size compared to other species.Keywords : Ratatotok, Seagrass, Important ValuesABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Pantai Desa Ratatotok dengan tujuan untuk: 1. Mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan pada lokasi penelitian. 2.  Mengidentifikasi spesies lamun di Desa Ratatotok. 3. Mengetahui komposisi spesies lamun yang meliputi: Kepadatan Spesies, Kepadatan Relatif, Kelimpahan, Kelimpahan Relatif, Dominasi, Dominasi Relatif, Frekuensi, Frekuensi Relatif dan Nilai Penting. Spesies lamun yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian berjumlah 7 spesies dari 2  family: Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, dan Halodule uninervis) dan Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis dan Thalassia hemprichii). Jumlah tegakan spesies lamun di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 26-2699 individu, kepadatan spesies 9,51-987,06/m², kepadatan relatif 0,72-75,08 %, frekuensi kehadiran 0,69-8,46, frekuensi relatif 2,68-33,04 %, kelimpahan 10,08-1046,88, kelimpahan relatif 0,72-75,08 %, dominasi 28,89-2998,89 dan dominasi relatif 0,72-75,08 %. Nilai penting lamun di perairan Desa Ratatotok menunjukkan bahwa jenis Syringodium isoetifolium memiliki nilai penting yang mencapai 183,20 %. Untuk jenis Cymodocea rotundata dan jenis Thalassia hemprichii masing-masing memiliki nilai penting yakni  41,93 % dan 26,68 %. Selain itu jumlah indvidu kedua spesies ini banyak ditemui disertai dengan ukuran individu yang relatif besar dibandingkan spesies lainnya.Kata Kunci : Ratatotok, Lamun, Nilai Penting

This study aims to determine the type and community structure of zooplankton in the Tongkaina seagrass aquatic ecosystem. Sampling was carried out at 3 location points using plankton nets. Plankton net was drawn along 50 meters from the sea towards the beach. There are 14 genera of zooplankton in the morning and 17 genera in the afternoon. The total density of zooplankton in the morning was 0.064 individual/l , and in the afternoon 0.114 individual/l. The highest density of zooplankton in the morning is Limacina and in the afternoon, Calanus. The zooplankton Diversity Index (H ') in the morning is 2.5907 and in the afternoon is 2.7321, indicating that the diversity level is less diverse. Morning uniformity (e) zooplankton index was 0.5614 and in the afternoon 0.5267, showed that the distribution pattern of zooplankton was moderate. The zooplankton dominance (C) index in the morning was 0.0783 and in the afternoon 0.0720. This shows that there is no dominant genus. Water conditions fall into the good category due to the temperature, salinity, and pH that are quite stable and are still within the limits of feasibility for zooplankton life.    Keywords: Zooplankton, Community Structure, Seagrass, Tongkaina Waters.Keywords: Zooplankton, Community Structure, Seagrass, Tongkaina Waters  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan struktur komunitas zooplankton yang ada di ekosistem perairan lamun Tongkaina. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 titik lokasi dengan menggunakan jaring plankton.Plankton net ditarik sepanjang 50 meter dari laut ke arah pantai. Terdapat 14 genus zooplankton pada waktu pagi dan 17 genus pada waktu sore. Kepadatan total zooplankton pada waktu pagi hari 0.064 ind/l dan sore hari 0.114 ind/l. Kepadatan relatif zooplankton yang tertinggi pada pagi hari yaitu Limacina dan pada sore hari yaitu Calanus. Adapun Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) zooplankton pada pagi hari sebesar 2.5907 dan sore hari sebesar 2.7321, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman kurang beragam. Indeks Keseragaman (e) zooplankton pada pagi hari sebesar 0.5614 dan pada sore hari 0.5267, menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran zooplankton sedang. Indeks Dominansi (C) zooplankton pada waktu pagi hari sebesar 0.0783 dan sore hari 0.0720. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada genus yang dominan. Kondisi perairan masuk dalam kategori baik dikarenakan suhu, salinitas dan pH cukup stabil dan masih berada dalam batas kelayakan bagi kehidupan zooplankton.Kata kunci: Zooplankton, Struktur Komunitas, Lamun,  Perairan Tongkaina.

The objective of this present study is to know the composition of nematocyst types from the coral Scleractinia, Pocillopora sp. The coral colonies of Pocillopora sp. were collected at Tontayuo coastal coral reefs, Batudaa Pantai, Gorontalo. This research was conducted for 3 months, from September-December 2020. The method of testing the type and composition of nematocysts was carried out using an Olympus CX41 type microscope with x100 objective lens magnification connected to a computer ST24 monitor equipped with optical view 7 application (software). Photos of Pocillopora sp. both alive and skeleton form are documented in this journal. The results of the current study showed that Pocillopora sp. has the types and composition of MpM of 91.49%, while HI is 8.51%. MpM is the dominant nematocyst in Pocillopora sp. Future research is recommended to identify this coral at the species level and to study more deeply the various coral species in the genus Pocillopora based on the types and morphology of nematocysts that are useful in the taxonomy of Scleractinia corals.Keywords: Gorontalo, HI, MpM, nematocyst, Pocillopora sp., Scleractinian coral