The review focuses on the influence of some important factors on the generation of new and/or high contrast mechanofluorochromic-active organic compounds by the structural modifications of traditional fluorophores.
Three
donor (D)-π-acceptor (πA) indene-1,3-dionemethylene-1,4-dihydropyridine
(IDM-DHP) derivatives with triphenylamine (TPA)/bis(diphenylamino)triphenylamine
(BDPA-TPA) end groups were designed and synthesized. These target
compounds with highly twisted conformations showed aggregation-induced
emission enhancement properties in their THF/water mixtures due to
the restriction of intramolecular rotation, and distinct piezofluorochromic
(PFC) properties in the solid state. Interestingly, solvent-induced
emission changes similar to those resulting from PFC properties can
be achieved by a simple dissolution–desolvation process in
different solvent systems, such as chloroform, THF, and dichloromethane.
X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the transformations between
crystalline and amorphous states were responsible for the PFC properties
and solvent-induced emission changes. Moreover, these compounds exhibited
remarkable and reversible acid/base-induced fluorescence switching
properties in both solution and the solid state. The results indicate
that the IDM-DHP derivatives with a TPA/BDPA-TPA unit exhibit intriguing
multi-stimulus-responsive fluorescent behaviors. The current study
will help researchers to design and synthesize more aggregation-induced
emission/aggregation-induced emission enhancement-active multifunctional
stimulus-responsive fluorescent materials.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.