The logit model was used to predict the number of fire-days in the Whitecourt Forest of Alberta. The database used included fire (1) and no-fire (0) observations for fire season days between April and October for the 1986 through 1990 period. There were 8,009 observations during this period of which 157 were fire observations. Using four variables, we were able to predict 79.0% of the fire-days and 81.5% of the no-fire-days. The model, Zi=-8.5171+7.6590xAREAi+0.7367xDISTRICTi+2.0478xBUIi+3.9563xISIi, failed to predict 37 of the fire-days and produced 29 ''false alarms''. When this model was tested on fire occurrence data from the Whitecourt Forest for 1991 and 1992 fire seasons it was correct 74.1% of the time. The management implications and limitations of this study are also discussed in this paper.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor with high invasive and metastatic potential. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-Met signaling pathway has a critical role in mediating the invasive growth of many different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HGF also stimulates NPC cell growth and invasion in the cell line model. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of Met, using a Met-targeting monoclonal antibody (SAIT301), on the invasive and growth potential of NPC cell lines. Met inhibition by SAIT301 resulted in highly significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in both the HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. In addition, we also found that co-treatment of SAIT301 and HGF decreased the anchorage-independent growth induced by HGF in HNE1 cell lines. After SAIT301 treatment, Met, together with its downstream signaling proteins, showed downregulation of p-Met and p-ERK, but not p-AKT, in both HONE1 and HNE1 cell lines. Interestingly, we found that HGF treatment of NPC cell lines induced early growth response protein (EGR-1) expression, which is involved in cell migration and invasion. In addition, co-treatment with SAIT301 and HGF inhibited the HGF-induced expression of EGR-1. Next, knockdown of EGR-1 using small-interfering RNA inhibited HGF-induced cell invasion in NPC cell lines, suggesting that the expression level of EGR-1 is important in HGF-induced cell invasion of NPC cells. Therefore, the results support that SAIT301 inhibited Met activation as well as the downstream EGR-1 expression and could have therapeutic potential in NPC. Taken together, we suggest that Met is an anticancer therapeutic target for NPC that warrants further investigation and clinical trials and SAIT301 may be a promising tool for NPC therapy.
The renal functions in pediatric cancer patients who received ifosfamide (IFO) treatment were evaluated and the risk factors related to IFO nephrotoxicity were determined. The medical records of all children treated with IFO were reviewed, and 62 with normal renal function before IFO treatment were selected. Nephrotoxicity was diagnosed by measuring urine beta2-microglobulin and glucose, and serum phosphate, bicarbonate, and creatinine. Forty-eight (77.4%) had a history of previous cisplatin treatment. Nephrotoxicity was detected in 20 patients (32.3%). beta2-Microglobulinuria was observed in all 20, hypophosphatemia in 10 (16.1%), hypocarbia in 2 (3.2%), glucosuria in 5 (8.1%), and decreased creatinine clearance in 7 (11.3%). The cumulative dose of IFO and a history of previous cisplatin therapy were related to nephrotoxicity. Among the 20 patients with nephrotoxicity, the median cumulative dose of IFO in patients with a low (<500 mg/m2) and high (>500 mg/m2) cumulative dose of previous cisplatin was 80 g/m2 (73-102 g/m2) and 45 g/m2 (11-76 g/m2), respectively. Most of the nephrotoxicity persisted after cessation of IFO treatment. In conclusion, close monitoring of IFO nephrotoxicity should be started earlier in patients with high-dose cisplatin pretreatment. Tubular proteinuria, as indicated by beta2-microglobulinuria, was the most-sensitive marker for IFO nephrotoxicity. Long-term follow-up study for reversibility of IFO nephrotoxicity is in progress.
Study design: Preclinical and postclinical intervention and outcomes measure design. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of six weeks of motor-driven functional electronic stimulation (FES) rowing exercise intervention on cardiopulmonary fitness, upper body strength and body composition in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: The National Rehabilitation Center in Korea. Methods: A total of 12 people with SCI (ten males, two females) participated in 42.5-minute training sessions on motor-driven FES rowing machine, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Peak oxygen consumption, body mass index, percent body fat, waist circumference, shoulder abduction and adduction, shoulder flexion and extension and elbow flexion and extension were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Results: The six weeks of training with a motor-driven FES rowing machine significantly decreased percent body fat (Pre: 23.9 ± 8.5 vs Post: 20.4 ± 7.9, P ¼ 0.028) and increased lean body mass (Pre: 50.4 ± 9.4 vs Post: 53.3 ± 10.0, P ¼ 0.001), muscular strength of the shoulder flexors (Pre: 147.5±68.5 vs Post: 180.9±71.8, P ¼ 0.002), extensors (Pre: 132.7±51.8 vs Post: 160.6±67.9, P ¼ 0.010), abductors (Pre: 126.1±52.6 vs Post: 163.7±77.8, P ¼ 0.002) and adductors (Pre: 172.3±69.0 vs Post: 215.2 ± 95.7, P ¼ 0.003), as well as elbow flexors (Pre: 212.7 ± 66.6 vs Post: 256.6 ± 76.1, P ¼ 0.004) and extensors (Pre: 190.6 ± 65.0 vs Post: 221.9 ± 63.9, P ¼ 0.002). Conclusions: Exercise using a motor-driven FES rowing machine may be used as a new exercise modality to improve body composition and upper body muscle strength in people with SCI.
We comparatively studied the growth conditions of Y 2 O 3 films and CeO 2 films on biaxially textured Ni and NiW tapes. We found that the windows of both substrate temperatures and oxygen partial pressures for the proper growth of CeO 2 films were wider than those of Y 2 O 3 films. XRD data showed that the qualities of in-plane and out-of-plane textures of the two types of films were almost similar. The SEM observations indicated that the surface of the CeO 2 films was smoother than those of Y 2 O 3 films. The inferiority of CeO 2 films to Y 2 O 3 films was crack formation. However, we found that if YSZ over-layers were grown on the CeO 2 films using dc-reactive sputtering, the cracks were not observed on the surface of the YSZ films anymore.
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