Present evidence indicates that, could be a novel link between difference in MUH phenotype and MH phenotype with bone status. Also, component metabolic can effect on BMD in different sites.

Our data show that in postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency, serum levels of HDL have negative correlation with bone status.

Background: Recent studies have shown that depression is inversely correlated with high protein and low fat intake and positively correlated with vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interaction between protein/fat dietary patterns and VDBP genotypes with regard to the risk of depression in apparently healthy adults who have not been diagnosed with any chronic disease. Methods: In this study, 265 individuals (126 males and 139 females) aged 18–55 years were recruited from the communities of central and west Tehran based on convenience sampling. Body composition was measured with a body composition analyzer and depression symptoms were categorized as normal, moderate depression, or severe depression using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess typical food intake during the 12-month period. Blood samples were collected from and biochemical measurements performed on all participants. An analysis of two polymorphisms (rs7041 and rs4588) in the GC gene, which encodes VDBP, was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: A statistically significant association was found between depression and diet (p = 0.03) after having categorized the participants into three groups: a high-protein/low-fat (HP/LF) group, a moderate-protein/moderate-fat (MP/MF) group, and a low-protein/high-fat (LP/HF) group. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that depression was related to both the rs7041 and the rs4588 polymorphism (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02, respectively). We next used multinomial logistic modeling to investigate the risk of depression. A significant interaction was observed between HP/LF diet and the rs7041 polymorphism in the moderate- and severe-depression groups (β = –0.30, p = 0.05, and β = –0.48, p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that an HP/LF diet interacts with the rs7041 polymorphism, with T allele carriers having a greater prevalence of moderate and severe depression.

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Background: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) used to prognosticate and measure the amount of energy required. Vitamin D is known as a new predictor of RMR. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between vitamin D effects on RMR in connection with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) gene expression. Methods: We enrolled 298 overweight and obese adults in this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass, insulin level, visceral fat, and vitamin D status were assessed. RMR was measured by means of indirect calorimetry. The real-time polymerase chain reaction using specific primer pairs for VDR and PGC-1α was performed. Results: There were significant differences in terms of fat free mass, fat percentage, insulin levels, RMR/kg body weight, and RMR/BMI, VDR, and PGC-1α among participants were categorized based on the vitamin D status. But after using general linear model for adjusting, all significant results missed their effectiveness except RMR/kg body weight and VDR. Linear regression analysis used to show the mediatory role of VDR and PGC-1α on the RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status relationship. Our results showed that VDR had a mediatory effect on the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.38, 95% CI –0.48 to 1.60; β = –1.24, 95% CI –5.36 to 1.70). However, PGC-1α did not affect the relationship between RMR/kg body weight and vitamin D status (β = 0.50, 95% CI = –0.02 to 3.42; β = 0.59, 95% CI 0.14–3.90). Conclusion: Our study showed the mediatory effect of VDR gene expression in the association of 25(OH)₂D plasma levels and resting metabolic rate among obese individuals.