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Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example of an innovation that has emerged as a result of advanced nanostructures and implantable bioelectronics interfaces, which has increased the potential of prostheses and neural interfaces. The unique physical–chemical properties of nanoparticles have also facilitated the development of novel imaging instruments for advanced laboratory systems, as well as intelligently manufactured scaffolds and microelectrodes and other technologies designed to increase our understanding of neural tissue processes. The incorporation of nanotechnology into physiology and cell biology enables the tailoring of molecular interactions. This involves unique interactions with neurons and glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended to effectively interact with neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials and hybridized compounds utilized for neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of medicines as well as small chemicals across the blood–brain barrier are all purposes of the present article.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are heterogeneous tumor-initiating cell subgroups of breast cancers that possess some stem cell markers and are sustained after chemotherapy. Due to BCSCs being sufficient for tumor relapse, and given that the biological behaviors of BCSCs are so complex, it is critical to figure out exactly how they work, learn more about their cell biology, and discover biomarkers and strategies for explicitly targeting and destructing cancer stem cells. In order to accomplish innovative treatment for breast cancer, it is also essential to target BCSCs. Despite the vast quantities of BCSC target chemicals, their therapeutic implementation is limited due to off-target behavior and bioavailability issues. Targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have advantages for transporting anti-BCSC materials, especially to targeted locations. Hence, breast cancer therapy using a nanoparticle-based BCSCs targeting system is a promising strategy. Such targeted drug delivery systems can resolve the biodistribution obstacles of nanosystems. Throughout this paper, we highlight various strategies for targeting BCSCs utilizing nano-based systems. In conclusion, issues about the inadequate stability of nanoparticles and the possibility for loaded drug leakage during delivery systems have yet to be answered. More fundamental and applied research is required, and proper methods such as coating or surface modification.

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