The genus Gracilaria synthesizes sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). Many of these SPs, including those synthesized by the edible seaweed Gracilaria birdiae, have not yet been adequately investigated for their use as potential pharmaceutical compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of sulfated galactans from G. birdiae. In this study, a galactan (GB) was extracted from G. birdiae and evaluated by cell proliferation and antioxidant tests. GB showed no radical hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O2−) scavenging ability. However, GB was able to donate electrons in two further different assays and presented iron- and copper-chelating activity. Urolithiasis affects approximately 10% of the world’s population and is strongly associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. No efficient compound is currently available for the treatment of this disease. GB appeared to interact with and stabilize calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, leading to the modification of their morphology, size, and surface charge. These crystals then acquired the same characteristics as those found in healthy individuals. In addition, GB showed no cytotoxic effect against human kidney cells (HEK-293). Taken together, our current findings highlight the potential application of GB as an antiurolithic agent.
A carnosina é um dipeptídeo encontrado em concentrações elevadas no músculo esquelético humano, sintetizado a partir dos aminoácidos Beta alanina e histidina, tendo a beta alanina como precursor. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que níveis elevados de carnosina podem ser benéficos ao desempenho desportivo, através do tamponamento dos íons de hidrogênio, por minimizar a redução do pH intramuscular durante o exercício. Fatores como idade, sexo, tipo de fibra muscular e alimentação também são considerados variáveis determinantes nas concentrações desse composto. Logo, o objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi analisar os principais estudos que relataram sobre os fatores determinantes da concentração de carnosina intramuscular e os potenciais efeitos na performance esportiva através da suplementação de beta alanina. A presente revisão detectou que a suplementação de beta alanina pode ser considerada um recurso eficiente para o aumento no estoque dos níveis de carnosina em diversas populações como indivíduos fisicamente ativos, atletas e idosos, de ambos os sexos, além de melhorar o rendimento em modalidades esportivas e exercícios nas quais predominem alta intensidade.Palavras-chave: β-alanina, carnosina muscular, fadiga muscular, tamponamento intramuscular.
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