This study confirms the importance of depressive symptoms in two common dermatological diseases. It is important to recognize this association as it affects both clinical outlook and response to treatment.

Team-based learning (TBL) is an interactive and analytic teaching strategy. TBL is a learner-centered strategy that uses a very structured individual and group accountability process and requires small groups to work together to solve problems. This study served to investigate whether the TBL concept could be modified and adopted to the fifth-year cornea module of an ophthalmology course. Questionnaires (using a Likert scale of 1-5) were distributed to 169 fifth-year medical students attending the cornea module applied as TBL in an ophthalmology course. The questionnaire consisted of two categories: the TBL format (7 items) and an open-ended question about the class (1 item). Feedback was then evaluated. The majority of students felt that modified TBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives (121 students, 71.59%), enabled better understanding (134 students, 79.28%), were more interesting (146 students, 86.39%), ensured greater student participation (123 students, 72.78%), and involved greater effort on the part of students (148 students, 87.57%) compared with traditional teaching methods. Most of the students (129 students, 76.33%) agreed that more such sessions should be organized in the future. In conclusion, after adjustments to improve weaknesses, such as the short time allocation and students' lack of prior background, the outcomes of this modified TBL approach on the cornea module of an ophthalmology course provide a good basis for its continuation.

Background Clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic is high risk for medical students. Medical schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have limited capacity to develop resources in the face of rapidly developing health emergencies. Here, a free Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) was developed as a COVID-19 resource for medical students working in these settings, and its effectiveness was evaluated. Methods The RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of MOOC in teaching medical students about COVID-19. The data sources included the student registration forms, metrics quantifying their interactions within the modules, students’ course feedback, and free-text responses. The data were collected from the Moodle learning management system and Google analytics from May 9 to September 15, 2020. The research team analyzed the quantitative data descriptively and the qualitative data thematically. Results Among the 16,237 unique visitors who accessed the course, only 6031 medical students from 71 medical schools registered, and about 4993 (83% of registrants) completed the course, indicating high levels of satisfaction (M = 8.17, SD = 1.49) on a 10-point scale. The mean scores of each assessment modules were > 90%. The free-text responses from 987 unique students revealed a total of 17 themes (e.g., knowing the general information on COVID-19, process management of the pandemic in public health, online platform use, and instructional design) across the elements of the RE-AIM framework. Mainly, the students characterized the MOOC as well-organized and effective. Conclusions Medical students learned about COVID-19 using a self-paced and unmonitored MOOC. MOOCs could play a vital role in the dissemination of accurate information to medical students in LMIC in future public health emergencies. The students were interested in using similar MOOCs in the future.

Purpose: To compare the effects of bevacizumab applied either subconjunctivally or topically, in a rat model of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn. Methods: The right corneas of 24 Wistar-Albino rats were cauterized with silver nitrate sticks. The rats were divided randomly and equally into three groups: no treatment control (n=8), subconjunctival bevacizumab treatment (n=8), and topical bevacizumab treatment (n=8). Immediately following cauterization, the subconjunctival group was treated with a 0.05 ml (1.25 mg) bevacizumab subconjunctival injection. The topical group was treated with 10 mg/ml bevacizumab twice daily, and the control group received subconjunctival saline injections twice daily. The burn stimulus and neovascularization scores were evaluated using a technique previously described by Mahoney and Waterbury. Digital photographs were obtained before the eyes were enucleated and corneal sections were then analyzed by histopathology. Results: The mean burn stimulus score was 1.86 ± 0.6 and there was no statistical difference between the groups (p=0.730). The mean neovascularization scores in the subconjunctival and topical bevacizumab groups were statistically lower than the control group (p<0.05). The mean percentage area of corneal neovascularization was 82.5 ± 22.1 in the control group, 42.7 ± 15.0 in the subconjunctival group, and 55.8 ± 18.2 in the topical group. The differences between the control and treatment groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). Histopathology showed that the treatment groups presented less neovascularization, inflammation, and fibroblast activity than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that both subconjunctival and topical administrations of bevacizumab inhibit corneal neovascularization and decrease inflammation and fibroblast activity in a rat model of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn.

AMAÇTürkiye'nin kuzeybatı bölgesinde, açık göz yaralanmaları nedeni ile tedavi edilen hastaların epidemiyolojisi ve gör-me sonuçları değerlendirildi. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM2004 ve 2008 yılları arasında Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalın'da açık göz yaralanması nedeni ile tedavi edilen tüm hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. BULGULARYaşları 3 ile 79 arasında değişen, 95 hastanın 95 gözüne ait yaralanmalar değerlendirildi. Açık göz yaralanması tipi, 76 gözde (%80), laserasyon, 19 gözde (%20) ise yırtık idi. Sıç-rayıcı cisimlerin neden olduğu göz yaralanmaları, tüm yaş gruplarında en sık görülen nedendi. Keskin cisimler 18 yaş ve üzerindeki hastalarda açık göz yaralanmalarının en az gö-rülen nedeni iken (%11), 18 yaştan genç hastalarda, en sık görülen nedendi (%38,1) (p=0,01). On sekiz yaşından genç hastalarda yaralanmaların %68,3'ü evde gerçekleşirken, 18 yaş ve üzerindeki hastalarda yaralanamaların %59,2'sinin iş-yerinde gerçekleştiği belirlendi (p=0,000). Görme keskinliğindeki düzelmenin, izole zon 1 yaralanmalarında, diğer zon yaralanmalarına göre daha iyi olduğu görüldü (p=0,043). SONUÇTürkiye'nin kuzeybatısında açık göz yaralanmaları, yaş ve cinsiyete göre değişmektedir. Eğitim ve güvenlik önlemleri, açık göz yaralanmalarının önlenmesinde önemlidir.