Three experiments in free verbal recall compared the learning of common objects with the learning of the words for these objects. In Exp. I (24 male and 26 female Ss), objects were placed on a board, words were on a list. In Exp. II (46 females) and III (62 males), objects (photographs) and words were serially exposed. Groups exposed to objects did better in all experiments.
The Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) was administered to a group of 101 elderly persons ( Mage — 77.6) and a group of college students ( Mage, = 20.1). The mean LSIA score of approximately 12 for both groups indicated no difference in degree of life satisfaction. An analysis of the responses of both groups to each of the 20 items of the LSIA, however, showed significant differences in the sources of satisfaction for each group. The old seemed more satisfied with their past, while the young seemed more apprehensive about the present and more optimistic about the future. The following hypothesis was offered: Life satisfaction, rather than being merely a reflection of a person's current level of goal achievement, is more like a set or orientation to one's environment which is acquired fairly early and remains moderately stable throughout life.
To test hypothesis that repeated listening alone increases enjoyment of serious music, 32 high school and college Ss listened to 9 selections representing different musical modes and periods for 10 days. Ss responded on 16 Semantic Differential scales. Significant increases occurred for 6 evaluative scales. Only 1 non-evaluative scale showed significant change. All works but 1 showed significant increase on at least 2 evaluative scales.
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