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Silver carp and bighead carp exhibited size‐selection for food particles in aquarium experiments, but did not select their preferred species of plankton actively when they were distributed evenly in the water. They also possessed the capacity of selection for feeding area. The removal rates (% g−1 fish weight) of silver carp for smaller plankton (phytoplankton) were higher than those of bighead carp. The removal rates by the latter for bigger plankton (zooplankton) were higher than those of silver carp, but for plankton about 70 μm dia. the rates by the two species were almost equal.

Experiments were conducted to measure the suction volume of silver carp and bighead carp of age I + with respiratory chamber, and to calculate the suction volume and the filtering efficiency with respect to changes in concentrations of food particles.Suction volume (B, ml/mouth) and filtering efficiency (E, %) were calculated using the following formula:where C,,and C,were theconcentrationsofspecific food particlesat the beginningandattheendof experiment, respectively, Vwas thevolume (ml) ofexperimental water, and n was the total number of observation of suction made during the experimental period.The relationships between suction volume (ml/mouth) of age I + silver carp (Bh) and bighead carp (B,) and their standard lengths (L, cm) were: Bh=0.561L -8.94, Bn = 0'627L-7.48, while those of the fingerlings were: Bh =O. l70L -0.837, Ba =O. I57L -0.418.The suction volume of the fingerlings was mainly affected by fish size, the function of temperature between 15 and 25" C being negligible. However, temperature affected filtering rate (filtered volume per unit time) through its effect on filtering frequency. The filtering efficiency of the fishes for rotifers (Brachionus caliciflorus) was 100 per cent. The relationships between filtering efficiency and sizes of food particles smaller than or equal to that of a rotifer were:Eh=25.1 1nE.S.D-13.6, Eu=22.21n E.S.D.-33-1, where Eh and Ea were filtering efficiency of silver carp and bighead carp, respectively, and E.S.D. was the equivalent spherical diameter (pm) of food particles.

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Aim: Kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) is a member of the kinesin-13 superfamily protein. KIF2A played a role in the development of many tumors. However, the role of KIF2A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of KIF2A in ESCC. Methods: We used bioinformatics analysis to study the expression levels and prognosis of KIF2A in ESCC and normal tissues. We also used our own samples to verify the results by immunohistochemistry. Then, the biological functions of KIF2A in ESCC was studied by cell experiments and animal experiments. Results: Both the TCGA database and our samples showed that KIF2A was relatively highly expressed in ESCC tissues and was significantly associated with disease-free survival (P =0.037) in TCGA database. Colony formation assay, CCK8 and Western blotting results showed that knockdown of KIF2A can significantly reduce colony forming ability and proliferation ability. The results of animal experiments showed that knocking down KIF2A can significantly reduce the tumor volume of mice. Conclusion: KIF2A might be used as a prognostic factor for ESCC, and knockdown of KIF2A could inhibit ESCC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, respectively. KIF2A could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for future ESCC.