This study evaluated cutaneous microbial distribution, and microbial co-occurrence at different body sites and skin environments in Chinese women (39.6 ± 11.9 years, N = 100) during the winter season. Microbial distribution (Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonadaceae, and Malassezia furfur), association with biomarkers (antimicrobial peptides: LL-37, β-defensins [HBD-2, HBD-3]), and claudin-1) and skin biophysical parameters (transepidermal water loss, pH, skin scaliness and roughness, sebum and hydration levels) were also determined. Skin sites (glabella [GL], hand-back [HB], interdigital web-space [IS], antecubital fossa [AF], volar forearm [VF], back [BA]) were classified as normal, oily or dry based on two-step cluster analysis and exposed or unexposed (uncovered or covered by clothes, respectively) based on seasonal apparel. Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcus aureus had the highest and lowest detection rate respectively at all sites. Cluster analysis identified skin sites as ‘normal’ (HB, BA, AF, VF), ‘dry’ (IS) and ‘oily’ (GL). Bacterial alpha diversity was higher in exposed (HB, IS, and GL) compared with unexposed sites (BA, AF and VF). Co-occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus with any of the other five microorganisms was lower in dry and oily skin versus normal skin. Skin exposure, biophysical/barrier profile and biomarkers were found to be associated with bacterial distribution and co-occurrence.

Summary Lithium‐ion pouch cells are widely used in electric vehicles because of their high energy density than other structures. There is an unavoidable external surface pressure between the cells in the process of packing and driving of electric vehicles. The influence of external surface pressure on the main properties of the lithium‐ion pouch cell has been studied, which is of great significance to packing batteries and reusing retired cells. In this study, a testing device applied for the measurement of constant external surface pressures of lithium‐ion pouch cells was first proposed and the different pressure stress‐strain distribution on the external surface of cells under semirigid material pads were analyzed by simulation. The effects of pressure on the capacity, internal resistance, and open circuit voltage of fresh and aged LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) lithium‐ion pouch cells are analyzed through experiments under 1 Mpa external surface pressure. The results show that the internal resistance of fresh cells tends to decrease. The average percentage of the maximum reduction of internal resistance is 13.28%. The experiments also demonstrate that the capacity of aging cells increased by 2.3%. Irreversibility of capacity improvement indicates applying appropriate external surface pressure can improve the secondary utilization efficiency of aging cells.

A graphene oxide (GO)-based nanocarrier that imparts tumor-selective delivery of dual-drug with enhanced therapeutic index, is introduced. GO is conjugated with Au@Ag and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which facilitate it with SERS...

Associations between skin microbes or biomarkers and pathological conditions have been reported in the literature. However, there is a lack of clarity on the interaction between the coexistence of common skin microbes with skin physiology and subsequent development of clinical symptoms, and the role of biomarkers in mediating these changes before the development of skin disease. In this review, we aim to identify areas in which extensive research for the studied factors has already been conducted, and which research areas are under-represented. The SciFinder database was searched for articles containing key words including specific skin microbes, biomarkers, skin physiology and diseases from the beginning of the SciFinder data record to 26 April 2016, and we included an additional relevant recent publication from our group. Among the 8000 + articles selected, the frequency of keyword pairs between two roles [microscopic markers (microflora or biomarkers) and reactions (skin physiology or clinical symptoms, or skin disease)] was investigated. Associated research between the individual factors such as skin microflora or biomarkers (chosen based on our earlier publication) and specific biophysical parameters, symptoms or skin disease was identified. The present research heatmap emphasizes the significance of a structured review of research on concerned factor associations to identify early/subclinical clues that can be used to prevent progression to overt skin disease with the help of precise skin care or early intervention, as indicated by skin microflora, biomarkers and an interactive skin biophysics profile. The findings provide a novel approach to explore such associations and may guide future research directed towards predicting disease from early/subclinical symptoms.

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