Warm-season perennial pastures are the base of livestock production systems in lower Alabama. To overcome the shortage in forage production during the late fall and winter months, during bahiagrass dormancy, overseeding pastures with cool-season annuals can be used as an option for providing forage during this period. Diverse forage mixtures of multiple species and functional groups have gained popularity in use among forage-livestock producers, but few evaluations have been conducted in overseeded sods. The objective of the study was to evaluate forage mass and nutritive value of cool-season forage mixtures overseeded into bahiagrass pastures. Six, 0.40-ha paddocks of ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass were overseeded with one of three cool-season forage mixtures (n = 2 paddocks/treatment) on November2, 2021: 1) oat (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and balansa (Trifolium michelianum), red (Trifolium pratense), and white clover (Trifolium repens; ‘clovers’); 2) oat, cereal rye (Secale cereale), and clovers; and 3) cereal rye, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and clovers. When forage mixtures reached a target grazing height of 20 cm, paddocks were managed using flash mob stocking with beef cow-calf pairs to graze to a target height of0 cm. Herbage mass, nutritive value, botanical composition and height samples were collected pre- and post-grazing events. There was no treatment (P = 0.240) or treatment × harvest (P = 0.4239) effect on forage mass. Harvest date affected (P = 0.029) forage mass, with greater forage mass at late harvest (1,903.33 kg DM·ha-1) than at early (1,253.33 kg DM·ha-1) in the growing season. There were no treatment effects observed for species components (P > 0.05), although grasses dominated the forage mixtures with an average of 80% grass presence. Legume establishment was poor (less than%) and the remaining species composition consisted of weed species (19%). There was a treatment effect (P = 0.003) on CP, where oat-rye-clovers had the greatest CP and rye-ryegrass-clover had the least CP. Oat-wheat-clover mixtures had greater TDN (79.2%), less NDF (39.8%), and ADF (18.7%) than cereal rye-ryegrass-clover (75.4%, 46.1%, and 22.2% for TDN, NDF, and ADF, respectively), but did not differ from oat-cereal rye-clover mixtures (76.6%, 45.7%, 21.0% for TDN, NDF, and ADF, respectively). In year of this study, overseeding bahiagrass supported forage production over a 2-month period and can be a management tool used to reduce the need for supplementing in the dormancy periods of warm season perennial grasses.

O conhecimento do Agente Comunitário de Saúde sobre alimentação infantil pode influenciar as práticas de amamentação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família nos municípios da 4ª região de saúde do estado da Paraíba sobre alimentação infantil e sua associação com características demográficas e profissionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de delineamento transversal, na qual foi aplicado um questionário validado, adaptado, para verificar o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre alimentação infantil, constituído por 21 perguntas. O grau de conhecimento sobre alimentação infantil foi expresso por meio de um score de 0–21 para o qual resposta correta teve atribuída a pontuação um e incorreta a pontuação zero. O teste t para amostras independentes foi usado para verificar diferenças na Média ± Desvio Padrão do grau de conhecimento segundo perfil demográfico e profissional. Os agentes comunitários de saúde apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório sobre aleitamento materno exclusivo. Evidenciou-se conhecimento limitado em relação ao aleitamento materno predominante, à forma adequada de armazenamento e oferta do leite materno ordenhado, à introdução complementar de alimentos a partir dos seis meses e à idade na qual recomenda-se a suplementação da criança com vitamina A. O grau de conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde foi de 11,9 ± 2,86 (57%), sem diferenças significativas segundo perfil demográfico e profissional. Conclui-se que o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre alimentação infantil é adequado em relação ao aleitamento materno exclusivo, mas inadequado para o aleitamento materno predominante e a alimentação complementar. Adicionalmente, o desconhecimento dos materiais técnicos e a carência de treinamento em alimentação infantil evidenciam a necessidade de capacitação desses profissionais.

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Este trabalho busca apresentar, através de relatos de experiências de coordenadoras pedagógicas, a compreensão destes sobre a importância do coordenador na escola. Tomamos como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa, que aconteceu a partir de grupos focais no intuito de obter profundidade nas questões trabalhadas, onde seis coordenadores pedagógicos da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Itaperuna/RJ participaram de três momentos em grupo, baseados em rodas de conversas direcionadas, objetivando colher dados focados a partir da discussão de tópicos específicos. Através dos relatos das coordenadoras pudemos comprovar que elas possuem uma boa percepção do seu trabalho, expressando através das suas falas o quanto consideram o seu trabalho essencial nas escolas, entretanto pudemos perceber sentimentos de angústia, imediatismo e incompetência por não dar conta de todas as demandas escolares.

The development of newer alfalfa cultivars with improved adaptation to local growing conditions and dual-purpose applications has increased alfalfa incorporation into grass systems in the southern United States. The complementary growth of both species helps to extend the forage production season length, decreasing producer reliance on supplementation. The objective was to determine forage mass (FM) and nutritive value, botanical composition, and structural responses of alfalfa-bermudagrass systems managed under five stockpiling strategies (6-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-weeks of accumulation) in Shorter, AL. A randomized complete block design with eight replications was used. Harvested forage samples were manually separated into individual components and placed into 60° C until constant weight, then weighed. Measurements of ground cover, and alfalfa density and persistence were taken prior to plot harvest. There was a treatment × year interaction (P= 0.009) and greater FM was observed for 10- and 12-wks of regrowth (4,279 and 4244 kg DM/ha, respectively) in Year 2. This response was associated with greater (P < 0.001) bermudagrass percentage in the mixture in Year 2 than 1 (averaged 57 vs 23%, respectively). Weeds remained below 4% in both years. There was a direct relationship between increased regrowth period length with leaf shattering and lodging. Over 10-wks of regrowth, percentage of lodging was >30% and rate of leaf shattering doubled. This response directly affected leaf area index observed for the alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures at 14-wk with a reduction of 30% when compared to 6-wks regrowth (2.6 vs 3.9, respectively). Greater (P < 0.001) digestibility was associated with shorter regrowth period (6-wk), although the values observed ranged from 62 to 87% which represents high nutritive value forage that can meet higher animal requirements. Based on results, stockpiling alfalfa-bermudagrass mixtures using varying accumulation period lengths may be a viable system to provide high quality feed and extend the grazing season length into the fall and winter. This can also be an important strategy aiming to increase diversity and sustainability in forage-based livestock systems.