The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different extracts (water, ethanol, enzymatic) from germinated seeds of spring barley on the development of Pseudomonas putida bacteria. The tests on optical density were performed to study the influence of different extracts on the development of model extracts. The analysis of the influence of different extracts from germinated seeds of spring barley on biological agent - Pseudomonas putida PCL1760, contained in biopreparations for crop protection showed that ethanol extract from Raushan variety of spring barley increased the resistance of Pseudomonas putida PCL1760 to the heat and osmotic stresses. All the types of extracts did not contribute to the increase of bacteria resistance to low temperatures. There was no significant difference established between the activity of spring barley extracts with vernalization and without vernalization. The materials of the study showed that ethanol extracts from spring barley can be used for the development of Pseudomonas spp. based on biopreparations for the enhancement of biocontrol microorganisms (BCMs) activity.

The article presents the results of studies, evaluating the plasticity of spring barley varieties in the Republic of Tatarstan. The groups of varieties, differing in yield and resistance to stress, were distinguished. The features, that allow to predict the yield of spring barley, were highlighted in the paper.

The effectiveness of foliar fertilizing of Agris nitrogen on gray forest soils of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan was studied for three years. The studies were carried out with single and double treatment of plants with a water flow rate of 200 liter per hectare. With a single application, spraying with fertilizer was carried out in the tillering phase or in the earing phase of barley. When applied twice, the plants were treated in the tillering phase and in the heading phase. Agris nitrogen was used in different standards - 1, 2 and 3 liter per hectare. Twice treatment with Agris nitrogen of different consumption rates, in comparison with a single application, increases the number of grains in the ear. The use of Agris nitrogen did not have a positive effect on reducing the development of dark brown leaf spot, and during treatment in the heading phase, some stimulation of plant damage was noted. Agris nitrogen provided a significant increase in productivity under the influence of application. Twice treatment with Agris nitrogen with norms of 2 and 3 liter per hectare increased productivity by about 25%. At the same time, an increase in the accumulation of nitrogen in plants is noted, the economic removal of macronutrients increases, and the protein’s content in the grain increases. The maximum net income from 1 hectare was obtained by applying Agris nitrogen twice as top dressing with a norm of 2.0 liter per hectare, but by the level of profitability, options with spraying in the tillering phase with norms of 2-3 liter per hectare were distinguished. Given the increase in yield and an increase in the protein content of grain, the optimal option for feeding Agris nitrogen on spring feed barley was double feeding with a norm of 2.0 liter per hectare.

Barley is cultivated for food, technical and feed purposes. Barley grain is used for barley flour, pearl barley and a number of products, from which are prepared for our nutrition. In addition, it is used for the preparation of coffee substitutes, in the alcohol and brewing industries, has high feed qualities and is widely used as a concentrated feed for all types of farm animals, especially pigs. The results of studies showed that the dynamics of plant density and root rot damage were more influenced by planting rates, less than the estimated dose of fertilizers. The best nutritional regime and the maximum barley productivity (4.06 tons per hectare) with good grain quality indicators were obtained against the calculated nutritional background (4.0 tons per hectare) with a sowing rate of 5 mln. germinating seeds per 1 ha. The two-factor field experience with serial distribution of plots was laid on leached chernozem in LLC AF “Zay” of Zainsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2013-2015. The purpose of the research was to study the biological characteristics of the variety and soil and climatic conditions for yield and quality indicators of barley grain. The objectives of our research were: to determine the effect of the seeding rate on the density of the stalk, damage to plants by root rot, the dynamics of plant nutrients, weediness of crops, yield and quality of barley grain. In the course of our studies, we found that the minimum value of barley grain quality indicators was observed against the background without fertilizers when sowing 5.5 million units per hectare: nature was 620 g/l, filmy 9.4%, germination 96.8%, the protein content of 11.9% and the extractivity of 77.0%, the maximum against this background was observed when sowing 4.0 million units per hectare. The barley grain quality indicators, grown against a calculated nutritional background, may well correspond to the brewing industry. The formation dynamics of plant densities and affection with their root rot had a greater influence on planting rates, and less calculated doses of fertilizers.

In connection with the transition to import substitution of animal products, it is necessary to provide livestock industry with high-energy feed. One of the high-energy feed, that can produce 60-70 times more dry weight, than grain crops in a short time is maize. Experience shows, that in many farms of our country the maize productivity remains low. That’s why it is necessary to pay special attention to the basic elements of maize cultivation technology, one of which is to ensure optimal mineral nutrition, which will significantly increase not only the productivity, but also its quality. Unlike other agricultural crops, the biological potential of maize uses less than 40-50% at agricultural production. Therefore, taking into account the high possibility of the formation of high yield of maize green mass, it is necessary to create the optimal mode of plants for normal growth and its development during the growing season. Our results show, that at the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan the minimum vegetation period from germination to maturity of maize grain, regardless of nutrition background, was observed in the hybrid ROSS-140. On average for 2 years on the background of application the calculated doses of NPK of 50.0 tons per hectare, the planned productivity of maize green mass was produced 54.9 tons per hectare, in the current background of 70.0 tons per hectare – was received 69.6 tons per hectare. The maximum increase in the yield of green mass of maize (17.6 tons per hectare) was obtained from Kremen hybrid: on the background of applicant the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers of 50.0 tons per hectare and 29.8 tons per hectare from mineral fertilizers application to 70.0 tons per hectare.