Environments contaminated with heavy metals negatively impact the living organisms. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have shown important role in these impacted sites. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the copper-resistance of ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates Pisolithus microcarpus - UFSC-Pt116; Pisolithus sp. - UFSC-PT24, Suillus sp. - UFSM RA 2.8 and Scleroderma sp. - UFSC-Sc124 to different copper doses in solid and liquid media. The copper doses tested were: 0.00, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mmol L−1 in the solid medium and 0.00, 0.32, 0.64 and 0.96 mmol L−1 in the liquid medium. Copper was amended as copper sulphate in order to supplement the culture medium MNM at pH 4.8, with seven replicates to each fungus-dose combination. The fungal isolates were incubated for 30 days at 28 °C. UFSC-Pt116 showed high copper-resistance such as accessed by CL50 determinations (concentration to reduce 50% of the growth) as while as UFSC-PT24 displayed copper-resistance mechanism at 0.50 mmol L−1 in solid medium. The UFSC-PT24 and UFSC-Sc124 isolates have increased copper-resistance in liquid medium. The higher production of extracellular pigment was detected in UFSC-Pt116 cultures. The UFSC-Pt116 and UFSC-PT24 isolates showed higher resistance for copper and produced higher mycelium biomass than the other isolates. In this way, the isolates UFSG-Pt116 and UFSC-PT24 can be important candidates to survive in copper-contaminated areas, and can show important role in plants symbiosis in these contaminated sites.
RESUMOA associação de fungos ectomicorrízicos com essências florestais nativas pode ser uma alternativa para revegetação de solos contaminados por metais pesados. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o comportamento de mudas de canafístula inoculadas com fungo ectomicorrízico em solo contaminado por cobre. O fungo ectomicorrízico utilizado foi o Pisolithus microcarpus UFSC Pt116, produzido em substrato composto por turfa-vermiculita (3:1). As mudas de canafístula foram desenvolvidas em areia lavada e transplantada para unidades experimentais quando apresentaram duas folhas definitivas. Como unidade experimental foi utilizado vaso com capacidade de 1 L contendo 1 kg de solo. A inoculação foi realizada no momento do transplante das mudas, sendo adicionado 2 g de inoculante por unidade experimental. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, num esquema bifatorial (2 x 4) qualitativo em A, com e sem inoculante do fungo, e quantitativo em D, sendo o controle, adição de 150 mg kg -1 , 300 mg kg -1 e 450 mg kg -1 de cobre (CuSO 4 ), com sete repetições. Determinou-se altura de planta, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, teor de cobre na planta, porcentagem de colonização micorrízica, área superficial específica radicular e comprimento radicular. O incremento das doses de cobre no solo reduziu o comprimento radicular, área superficial específica radicular, altura e diâmetro das plantas de canafístula. As mudas de canafístula inoculadas com fungo ectomicorrízico apresentam menor teor de cobre em seu tecido e reduzem a absorção de cobre na dose mais elevada. Palavras-chave: ectomicorriza; metal pesado; contaminação do solo. ABSTRACTThe ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with native florestal essences may be an alternative to revegetation of metal contaminated soils. The aim of this work was to determine canafístula seedlings behavior, inoculated to ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil with copper excess. The trial was conducted in greenhouse conditions. The ectomycorrhizal fungi used was Pisolithus microcarpus UFSC Pt116, cultivated on peat-vermiculite substrate (3:1). The canafístula seedlings were developed in washed sand and transplanted, when showed two definitive leaves. Vase of 1L with 1 kg of soil were used as experimental unit. The inoculation was accomplished in the 1.
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