In der Rhinologie wurden bisher verschiedene Lasersysteme, wie Argon-, KTP-, Dioden-, Nd:YAG-, Ho:YAG-, Er:YAG-und CO 2 -Laser bei unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Die Vorteile der Lasertechnik im Bereich der Nase und Nasennebenhöhlen sind eine gute intraoperative Übersicht durch die deutlich verbesserte Hämostase, eine hohe Präzision bei der Gewebeabtragung, eine geringe Gewebetraumatisierung und hieraus resultierend eine geringe Ödemneigung sowie Abnahme der postoperativen Schmerzen. In vielen Fällen kann auf die Einlage einer Nasentamponade verzichtet werden. Die Kenntnis der biophysikalischen Wirkung des jeweiligen Lasersystems und die sorgfältige Indikationsstellung für eine bestimmte Erkrankung führen zu sehr guten Behandlungsergebnissen. So hat aus unserer Sicht die Lasertherapie einen festen Stellenwert in der Behandlung der Nasenmuschelhyperplasie, der rezidivierenden Epistaxis einschlieûlich des M. Osler, von Hämangiomen und vaskulären Malformationen, der Choanalatresie, von begrenzten benignen Veränderungen sowie des Rhinophyms. Die Anwendung in der Septum-und Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie sowie der endonasalen Tränenwegschirurgie hingegen muss zur Zeit noch mit Zurückhaltung beurteilt werden. Schlüsselwörter Laser´Rhinologie´Nase´Nasennebenhöhlen Inhaltsverzeichnis 3.1Einleitung ± Lasersysteme in der Rhinologie ¼ 55
Report on a huge mucocele of the right maxillary sinus extending into the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and protruding into the contralateral left posterior cranial fossa. The patient, a 45-year old male, had no history of paranasal sinus energy, nasal or paranasal symptoms. He went to his physician because of a slowly developing deafness in his left ear and because of episodes of loss of consciousness when blowing his nose. A reversible episode of vertigo and reversible paresis of the left abducent nerve 17 years previously, were later assumed to have been the first symptoms of endocranial extension of the mucocele. The diagnosis of a mucocele was made by MRI. MRI in T2 weighted spin-echo sequences is the best imaging technique for diagnosing a mucocele. The mucocele was treated primarily with endonasal surgery of the paranasal sinuses, using telescopes and an operating microscope. After opening the right maxillary sinus via the middle meatus liquid contents of the mucocele poured into the nasal cavity. The sack of the mucocele was removed partially. Three months later the patient was reoperated with a combined transfacial and endonasal approach, because of progression from partial hearing loss to total deafness. Postoperatively hearing improved nearly completely and compression of the pons and the posterior fossa had disappeared on MRI. It is concluded that in mucoceles no longer the extirpation of the sack, but endonasal marsupialization, using the operating microscope and telescopes, is the therapy of choice.
Nutrition in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Malnutrition is common in patients with head and neck cancer. Due to natural course of disease or therapy, malnutrition may increase. This leads to a reduced prognosis, quality of life, and should be considered in early stages of the disease. First choice is an enteral feeding via a nasogastral feeding tube or a PEG. In special cases a parenteral nutrition may be necessary.
The term juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis should be replaced by recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The occurrence of squamous cell carcinomas in patients previously treated for papillomas underlines the need for repeated histological studies. The surgical treatment remains the mainstay in the management of laryngeal papillomatosis. The laser surgical technique is superior to conventional removal. Using the most sensitive and specific methods presently available, HPV-DNA can be detected in a large percentage of laryngeal papillomas.
Das mukoepidermoide Karzinom (MEK) gehört zur Gruppe der SpeicheldrUsentumoren und ist am häufigsten in der Glandula parotis lokalisiert. Laryngeale Manifestationen sind selten. Bisher wurden in der Literatur 87 Fälle beschrieben. Wir berichten em MEK der rechten Stimmlippe eines 75jährigen Mannes, weiches initial fir em Plattenepithelkarzinom gehalten wurde. Em Jahr nach erfolgter Strahlentherapie mit 70 Gy entwickelte sich em Tumorrezidiv. Da der Patient die Laryngektomie ablehnte, wurde der Tumor in der Folgezeit zweimal mit dem C02-Laser reseziert. Der Patient ist jetzt 5 Jahre rezidivfrei. Die Inzidenz der laryngealen MEK ist moglicherweise höher als bisher angenommen, cia sic oft als Plattenepithelkarzinome fehldiagnostiziert werden. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Larynx-Case Report and Review of the Literature Mucoepodermoid carcinoma (MEC) is classified among the salivary gland tumours and is most commonly found in the parotid gland. It rarely occurs in the larynx. There have been only 87 cases of laryngeal MEC reported in the literature. We report on an MEC of the vocal cord in a 75-yearold man, with a thickened right vocal cord without any loss of movement. The initial diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. One year after radiotherapy a tumour recurrence developed. Because the patient refused to laryngectomise, a tumour resection with the CO2 laser was performed twice. To date, the patient has been free from disease for more than five years. The true incidence of this type of neoplasm could be higher than is believed because of its frequent misdiagnosis as squamuos cell carcinoma.
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