A single-objective optimization model has been developed for water distribution system (WDS) pumping operations, considering five different types of pump operating regimes. These regimes use tank trigger levels, scheduling and a combination of both to control pumps. A new toolkit development to alter rule-based controls in EPANET has allowed more complex pump operating regimes than have previously been considered to be optimized. The performance of each of the regimes is compared with respect to two different objectives; cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which were optimized separately to allow the comparison of regimes to be made more clearly. Two case study networks, including one that represents a segment of the South Australian WDS, illustrate the effectiveness of the model. Time-based scheduling operating strategies were found to perform better than the other types of pump operating regimes.Significant cost savings were achieved for the South Australian case study network compared to its current operation.

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Water security has become an increasing concern for many water system managers due to climate change and increased population. In order to improve the security of supply, alternative sources such as harvested stormwater, recycled wastewater and desalination are becoming more commonly used. This brings about the need for tools to analyze and optimize systems that use such sources, which are generally more complex than traditional water systems. Previous methodologies have been limited in their scope and cannot be applied to all types of water sources and systems. The framework presented in this paper has been developed for holistic analysis and optimization of water supply and distribution systems that use alternative water sources. It includes both design and operational decision variables, water and energy infrastructure, simulation of systems, analysis of constraints and objectives, as well as policies and regulations which may affect any of these factors. This framework will allow users to develop a comprehensive analysis and/or optimization of their water supply system, taking into account multiple types of water sources and consumers, the effect of their own design and operational decisions, and the impact of government policies and different energy supply options. Two case study systems illustrate the application of the framework; the first case study is a harvested stormwater system that is used to demonstrate the importance of simulation and analysis prior to optimization, the second utilizes four different water sources to increase security of supply and was optimized to reduce pump energy use.