The article focuses on exploring the phraseological objectification of the “sinful” emotional concepts Brit. ENVY and Ukr. ЗАЗДРІСТЬ in the remotely related lingual cultures (British and Ukrainian). To identify common and distinctive senses of these concepts (1) the range of the concepts that closely correlate to the discussed emotional concepts was defined and (2) the system of conceptual metaphors representing these concepts was revealed. The material involves 253 phraseological units (PUs) that denote envy in the English language and 309 PUs in Ukrainian. The material is selected from authoritative explanatory, bilingual and phraseological dictionaries. The contrastive research of the concepts ENVY & ЗАЗДРІСТЬ that correlate with other ethical and emotional concepts (e.g.: GRATITUDE, KINDNESS, VIRTUE, HONOUR) makes it possible to speak about the concurrence of fundamental moral values and attitudes in Christian cultures. Moreover, the concepts ENVY & ЗАЗДРІСТЬ figure prominently in the hierarchy of values (“white” envy) vs. disvalues (“black” envy) of the contrasted lingual cultures. The conceptual metaphors provide the concept ENVY with the meanings that are considered to be specific for the lingual culture under study. Our findings show that despite the universal character of envy both as an emotion and a feeling, it is permanently affected by ethnic and socio-cultural factors that provide the concepts ENVY & ЗАЗДРІСТЬ with specific lingual cultural meanings. It is noteworthy that the study of the PUs can reveal only the traditional (fixed) understanding of envy. Therefore, to detect the changes in the modern priorities of the British and Ukrainians, it is necessary for prospective research to compare the results of the language material (lexicographic and phraseographic resources) with the results of analysis of actual language data, i.e. psycholinguistic experiments, sociolinguistic monitoring, language corpora.

The article presents a cross-cultural analysis of those ethnocultural features of the emotion concept of SHAME in Ukrainian, Anglo-Saxon and German linguo-cultures, which directly correlate with some national characteristics of the representatives of these linguo-cultures. It deals with the role of shame in the generation of such a social phenomenon as infantilism, since the significant spread of this phenomenon in a particular linguo-society is the basis for determining infantilism as one of the features of the national character. A comparative study of the representative corpora data of Ukrainian, English and German has revealed that Ukrainians, although a European linguo-society, belong not to guilt culture, as the Anglo-Saxons and Germans, but to shame culture, because this emotion arises in them mostly in in-groups, transforming into shame, humiliation, pangs of conscience, but not guilt. This feature of Ukrainians’ psychological type brings them closer to Eastern cultures, correlating to the greatest extent with such a criterion of cultures distinctions as collectivism–individualism. The low rate of individualism in the Ukrainian linguo-society has led to the fact that Ukrainians tend to be less responsible for their actions than Anglo-Saxons or Germans, often shifting their responsibility to external factors. The unwillingness of a large number of individuals to take responsibility indicates a certain immaturity of the society as a whole. This gives grounds to claim that the concept СОРОМ is one of the markers of social infantilism of the Ukrainian people.

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The paper outlines the results of experimental testing of the effectiveness of the principles of analogy, cognitive effects and the frame-cluster approach as a basis for a concise associative and dissociative dictionary, which is seen as a means of accelerated teaching of a foreign language based on the knowledge of the mediator language (here: English). It is a proven fact that analogy (including association) is a universal principle of thinking which enables one to correctly identify lexical units of the language of one group through the mediator. The correctness of involving the dissociative principle has been confirmed experimentally: it is based on memorizing the uncommon and different. Accelerated, interest-driven teaching of a foreign language based on associative and dissociative principles takes into account the resources of cognitive effects, which are cognitive illusions not controlled by consciousness. We have substantiated the expediency of distributing vocabulary in the proposed dictionary according to the frame-cluster principle, in which the learner constructs a situationally relevant phrase from cluster-organized associated forms. Repeated use of lexemes in communication provides a correction of errors over time. The experiment confirmed that such a dictionary can satisfy the needs of the modern information society, where multilingual communication is in demand.

The study deals with culture-specific items denoting the status of a person in the novel Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell and its translations into Ukrainian and Russian. The paper focuses around lexemes that functioned during and after the Civil War and nominated the inhabitants of the USA according to their background, political and religious views, social layer, occupation, ethnic or Afro-American identity. Structuring cultural knowledge is manifested in the cultural code, which is verbalised due to the use of the abovementioned groups of words denoting status in the novel under study. With the view to the specificity of the time described, the novel abounds in culture-specific items that cause difficulty in Ukrainian and Russian translations, thus presupposing the translator’s striving for either preservation of the historical epoch in the target text or its substitution with the features of contemporary life. The translation techniques applied are transcoding; borrowing from the English or other European languages; descriptive translation (explicitation); literal translation; neutralization; approximate translation; the use of translational doublets; contextual translation; omission. Research results contribute to the development of cultural translation which studies specific differences of source and target texts with the respect both to the source and target cultures.