Thyroid disease has now become the second largest disease in the endocrine field; SPECT imaging is particularly important for the clinical diagnosis of thyroid diseases. However, there is little research on the application of SPECT images in the computer-aided diagnosis of thyroid diseases based on machine learning methods. A convolutional neural network with optimization-based computer-aided diagnosis of thyroid diseases using SPECT images is developed. Three categories of diseases are considered, and they are Graves' disease, Hashimoto disease, and subacute thyroiditis. A modified DenseNet architecture of convolutional neural network is employed, and the training method is improved. The architecture is modified by adding the trainable weight parameters to each skip connection in DenseNet. And the training method is improved by optimizing the learning rate with flower pollination algorithm for network training. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method of convolutional neural network is efficient for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases with SPECT images, and it has superior performance than other CNN methods.

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To ensure the quality and reliability of polymer lithium-ion battery (PLB), automatic blister defect detection instead of manual detection is developed in the production of PLB cell sheets. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based detection method is proposed to detect blister in cell sheets employing cell sheet images. An improved architecture for dense block and a learning method based on optimization of learning rate are discussed. The proposed method was superior to other machine learning based methods when the classification performance and confusion matrix were compared in experiments. The proposed CNN method had the best defect detection performance and real-time performance for industry field application. Keywords: defect detection; polymer lithium-ion battery; convolutional neural network; deep learning; blister defect; flower pollination algorithm IntroductionThe application of lithium-ion batteries has changed consumer electronic products, which greatly reduce the weight and volume of mobile phones, notebooks, and other portable products. Lithium-ion batteries have been widely studied, including model, optimal design, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6]. At present, the most commonly used lithium-ion battery is polymer lithium-ion battery (PLB). The cathode materials of PLB are commonly lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid, ternary materials or lithium iron phosphate. The anode materials usually use carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, petcoke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon and so on. C-rate is the measurement of the charge and discharge current with respect to its nominal capacity. At present, most PLB use polymer gel electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte, which makes PLB have the advantages of thinning, arbitrary area and arbitrary shape. These characteristics improve the capacity of PLB, and PLB has the characteristics of miniaturization, thinning, and light quantification. PLB has been widely used in portable electronic equipment, and it is gradually being applied to more fields. With the application of PLB in more and more electronic products, the quality of PLB has more and more influence on the quality of electronic products. The quality of PLB is critical to the quality and reliability of electronic products.Recently, an automatic line of PLB has been developed in Dongsheng Energy Corporation, Weihai, China. The PLB has a voltage of 48 V, a charging current of 2-3 A, and nominal capacity of 16 AH. The anode of PLB is a conductive high molecular polymer, the catrode is graphite, and a colloidal polymer electrolyte is used. During the production process of the PLB, several cathode pieces, anode pieces, and separator pieces are combined to produce a cell sheet. Great battery capacity can be provided with more cell sheets combined together. Thus, the quality inspection of cell sheets in automated production lines is essential to the quality of the final battery product. The cell sheet defect needs to be detected to ens...

Sex reversal in insects, amphibians, reptiles, and fishes is a complicated and interesting biological phenomenon. Sex reversal changes the sex ratio of populations and may complicate breeding schemes. In the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), genetic females may change into pseudomales, thereby increasing aquaculture costs because of the lower growth rate of the males than that of the females. Here we identify a new locus associated with sex reversal; this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is located in the third intron of the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) gene on the Z chromosome (named Cyn_Z_8564889) and has two alleles, A and G. Cyn_Z_8564889 regulates sex reversal interactively with our previously detected SNP (Cyn_Z_6676874), with the genetic females simultaneously carrying the T allele of Cyn_Z_6676874 and the A allele of Cyn_Z_8564889 changing into pseudomales. Other Dmrt1 polymorphisms were detected, which formed two haplotypes. Two SNPs in the second exon of Dmrt1 result in amino acid changes, suggesting that Dmrt1 is essential in sex reversal. We also verified that pseudomales produce no or little W sperm. The interaction and linkage between Cyn_Z_6676874 and Cyn_Z_8564889 and the absence of W sperm from pseudomales unravel the genetic architecture of sex reversal in C. semilaevis.

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