The objective of this work is the preliminary design of a low-ΔV transfer from an initial elliptical orbit around Jupiter into a final circular orbit around the moon Europa. This type of trajectory represents an excellent opportunity for a low-cost mission to Europa, accomplished through a small orbiter, as in the proposed Europa Tomography Probe mission, a European contribution to NASA's Europa Multiple-Flyby Mission (or Europa Clipper). The mission strategy is based on the v ∞ leveraging concept, and the use of resonant orbits to exploit multiple gravity-assist from the moon. Possible sequences of resonant orbits are selected with the help of the Tisserand graph. Suitable trajectories are provided by an optimization code based on the parallel running of several differential evolution algorithms. Different solutions are finally compared in terms of propellant consumption and flight time.
This paper presents the main characteristics of the evolutionary optimization code named EOS, Evolutionary Optimization at Sapienza, and its successful application to challenging, real-world space trajectory optimization problems. EOS is a global optimization algorithm for constrained and unconstrained problems of real-valued variables. It implements a number of improvements to the well-known Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, namely, a self-adaptation of the control parameters, an epidemic mechanism, a clustering technique, an ε-constrained method to deal with nonlinear constraints, and a synchronous island-model to handle multiple populations in parallel. The results reported prove that EOS is capable of achieving increased performance compared to state-of-the-art single-population selfadaptive DE algorithms when applied to high-dimensional or highly-constrained space trajectory optimization problems.
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