Silver nanoparticles are extensive, applied in different fields. Green methods using plants have been used as renewable resources for the synthesis of biodegraded nanomaterials, thereby providing economic and safe synthesis routes. The green synthesis was done using the aqueous Cumin seed extract and as a bio-reducer agent and aqueous AgNO3 solution as a precursor under various conditions. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the observation of the shift in color from colorless to dark brown. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV/V is spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Also, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antioxidant activity (In-vitro) by DPPH assay. The bio-reduced mixture showed a maximum peak at around 388nm. The XRD peaks were observed at 38o and 46o, corresponding to 111, 200, 220, and 311, and the peak widening suggested a smaller particle size. The FTIR absorption spectra indicated the presence of residual plant extract as a reducing agent in the reaction mixture. Also, analysis of C. cyminum seed extract strongly suggested the presence of OH stretching in alcoholic and phenolic compounds as the main phytochemicals parts, which is supported by a strong peak at approximately 3296cm−1. The SEM images clearly showed that AgNPs were almost spherical in shape and 48.7nm in size. The synthesized AgNPs showed almost the same pattern of ascorbic acid-free radical scavenging activity except at concentrations 100 and 50µg/ml with significant differences (P≤0.05) and it is dose-dependent. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized on a large scale following a simple and eco-friendly method using C. cyminum seed extract that can be used as an effective antioxidant.

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Silver nanoparticles vary in size from 1 to 100 nm. These have unique properties that assists in molecular diagnostics, therapies, and devices used in many medical procedures. The most popular methods for making silver nanoparticles are physical and chemical approaches. Chemical and physical methods are troublesome because synthesis is expensive. The biological approach is a feasible alternative one. The major biological processes involved are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. Silver nanoparticles are mainly used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine. Their medical uses rely on the antimicrobial property, while the anti-inflammatory property has its own range of applications. Silver nanoparticles are used in a number of medical therapies and instruments, as well as in a variety of biological sciences. This article focuses on chemical and biological techniques for synthesizing AgNPs, which will subsequently be utilized to coat socks materials, testing antimicrobial activity and comparing the ability of these coated fabrics to minimize infections.

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Vaccination has proven to be one of the most important medical breakthroughs in history. Three important features must be present in every vaccine that is effective over time: Safety, stability, and the ability to elicit a sustained and sufficient immune response with a modest number of doses are all important requirements. To develop protective immunity against diseases, vaccinations using attenuated or dead entire animals (first generation), subunit vaccines (second generation), and RNA or DNA vaccines (third generation) have all been employed . Traditional vaccines, on the other hand, have issues such as returning to their virulent condition or only giving protection for a short period of time. As a result of these limitations, scientists have resorted to recombinant proteins, such as subunit vaccines, which target a specific portion of the pathogen. Subunit vaccines are preferred over live or inactivated whole organism vaccines because they are more pure and identified with respect to cell receptoes, have a better safety profile, and are easier to scale up. Despite their advantages, subunit vaccinations have certain disadvantages. For example, most antigens are only mildly immunogenic on their own, necessitating the inclusion of an adjuvant in the formulation.