As borboletas desempenham funções essenciais nos ecossistemas, podendo ser utilizadas como bioindicadores. Apesar de sua relevância pouco se conhece sobre o grupo em muitos estados, ecossistemas e unidades de conservação brasileiras, como o estado de Minas Gerais, em que se conhece cerca de 1600 espécies, das quais 25 estão ameaçadas de extinção. Nesse panorama o objetivo do estudo foi inventariar a fauna de borboletas em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual na região sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido de janeiro de 2016 a maio de 2019, com esforço amostral diferenciado para cada área, totalizando 492 horas amostrais. Os exemplares capturados foram armazenados em envelopes entomológicos e encaminhados para sua identificação no Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Borboletas (LABBOR), e encontra-se em processo de tombamento na coleção biológica do Laboratório de Zoologia do IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes. Foram coletados 1070 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis famílias e 234 espécies distribuídas em 19 subfamílias. Destaca-se o registro da espécie Charonias theano (BOISDUVAL, 1836) ameaçada de extinção, presente na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Machado, município de Poço Fundo. O presente estudo evidenciou que a região sul de Minas Gerais abriga uma importante fauna de borboletas, sendo necessário estabelecer ações para conservação dessa biota.

In this study we perform a continuous Morlet Wavelet transform method in time series of secondary cosmic rays and 1 AU interplanetary medium parameters for the interval from October 2001 to October 2002. The approximately 13.5-day periodicity was obtained during the late 2001, and it was remarkable for muon data. Even though some works have pointed out that the main activations of the 13.5-day recurrence in near-Earth solar wind are related, e.g., with the heliosheet crossings or to the occurrence at 1 AU of two high speed streams approximately 180 o apart in solar longitude per solar rotation, we aim to show that the period of about half the solar rotation during the end months of 2001 present in muon time series was apparently due to the occurrence of non-recurrent interplanetary disturbances. The interconnections among successive Forbush decreases, recovery phases and gradual muon depressions (associated with corotating interaction regions) seem to play an important role in such 13.5-day periodicity.

The extent of herbivory in lizards is influenced by several factors. Plant tissues are more difficult to digest than invertebrates due to the presence of cellulose. Thus, so many lizards exhibit carnivorous diet. Nevertheless, some species consume vegetables. Essentially herbivorous diet occurs in about 3% of lizards, while most omnivores add plants in their diets. Omnivorous species tend to eat more fruits, flower, and nectar, because they are easier to digest and provide more nutrients than leaves, which are rich in cellulose. The main factors influencing the consumption of plant material are related to the habitat of the species. Insular and arid environments favor the consumption of plants because such locations have low amount of arthropods available and present water scarcity. It is also possible to observe ontogenetic changes in the lizard's diet, in such a way that young individuals consume only invertebrates, whereas the adults supplement their diet with plant material. When consuming fruits and nectar, lizards become potential dispersers and pollinators. In this sense, some studies have already corroborated seed dispersal and pollination events by lizards. In islands where other species are absent, these interactions are essential for the maintenance of communities.

Coastal zones face severe weaknesses and high-risk situations due to coastal threats like erosion and storms and due to an increasing intensive occupation. Tropical storms events can contribute to the occurrence of these situations, by causing storm surges with high water levels and, consequently, episodes of waves overtopping and coastal flooding. This work aims to describe a methodology to estimate the storm surge occurrences in the Portuguese coastal zone, recurring to historical tropical storms data that occurred in the vicinity of Portugal and to numerical modeling of its characteristics. Delft3D software together with DelfDashboard tools were applied for the numerical modelling. An automatic generation procedure of storms was implemented based on the few available historical storms data characteristics. Obtained results allows to characterize storm surges along the Portuguese coast, identifying the most vulnerable areas and, consequently contributing for its proper planning and management.

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