-Phenotypic studies with native fruits are important sources of information for understanding the status of conservation of plant species, especially populations in protected areas (Pas). Fruits of 18 populations of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] present in three kind of Pas, Quilombolas communities (QLs), Indigenous Lands (ILs) and conservation units (cus) were evaluated with the aim to characterize the phenotypic variability. Fruits were harvested at maturity and eight morphological descriptors were measured: diameter, length, total weight, pericarp weight, pulp weight, pericarp thickness, pulp yield and solid soluble contents (°Brix). the results revealed the existence of large morphological variability for all traits, with significant differences among all populations and among those populations grouped in QLs, TIs and UCs, particularly to the total weight and peel thickness. There was a clear formation of five major clusters of genetic dissimilarity. In addition, two uruguayan type populations and 16 Brazilian type populations showed contrast means for most of the evaluated traits. the lower variability on fruit characters found in plants collected in areas of traditional people but not in cus suggests the existence of selection processes of feijoa genotypes on those areas. Index terms: Goiabeira-serrana, pineapple-guava, traditional people, in situ on farm conservation. VARIABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA EM FRUTOS DE GOIABEIRA-SERRANA [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] EM TERRAS INDÍGENAS, COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS E EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO NO SUL DO BRASILRESUMO -estudos fenotípicos com frutas silvestres são importantes fontes de informação para entendimento do estado de conservação das espécies vegetais, sobretudo em populações de plantas em áreas protegidas. Frutos de 18 populações de goiabeira-serrana [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret], internacionalmente denominada de feijoa, presentes em comunidades Quilombolas (QLs), terras Indígenas (tIs) e em unidades de conservação (ucs) foram avaliados, com o objetivo de caracterizar variabilidade fenotípica. Os frutos foram coletados na maturação, e oito características foram avaliadas: diâmetro, comprimento e peso do fruto, peso da casca, peso de polpa, espessura da casca, rendimento de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix). Os resultados revelaram a existência de significativa variabilidade morfológica para todas as características avaliadas, havendo diferenças significativas entre todas as populações e entre as -agrupadas em QLs, TIs e ucs, em especial para o peso total e a espessura da casca. houve clara formação de cinco grupos principais de dissimilaridade, com separação de duas populações para o tipo uruguai e 16 para tipo Brasil. O fato da ocorrência da menor variabilidade nos frutos encontrado em plantas de áreas de povos tradicionais, sugere a existência de processos de seleção de genótipos da goiabeira-serrana nestas áreas. Termos para indexação: Feijoa, pineaple-guava, povos tradicionais, conservação in situ on farm.

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is the main grapevine disease in

The aim of the present work was to physicochemically characterize the fruits of accessions of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] active germplasm bank (BAG), located in São Joaquim, Brazil. The identification of accessions with desirable fruit traits will facilitate species breeding and cultivation. During seven harvests (2004-2017), 10 fruits per plant of 229 accessions were evaluated for fruit diameter, length and weight, skin and pulp weight, skin thickness, pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content, in addition to the qualitative descriptors insertion of sepals, fruit shape, sheen of skin, vacuum, color of skin and pulp, and texture and roughness of the skin. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and a multivariate analysis were applied to better understand the nature and magnitude of the variables. The mean +1SD was used to identify the best accessions for breeding purposes. Active germplasm bank accessions revealed significant phenotypic diversity for the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, and the year effect represented the largest contribution to the variance for all evaluated characteristics, except fruit length. The characteristics total fruit weight, fruit diameter, and skin thickness are strongly related to pulp yield (%). There is high phenotypic diversity in accessions of feijoa conserved in the São Joaquim BAG, which will allow different traits of this species to be genetically improved.

The objective of this work was to use a marker-assisted selection for pyramiding the resistance loci Rpv1 and Rpv3.1 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera), and to evaluate their conferred resistance against Brazilian downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) isolates. A progeny of 23 plants, segregating for the two resistance loci, was obtained by the cross between the Gf 2000-305-122 and Gf.Ga-52-42 genotypes. The progeny was genotyped with four microsatellite markers and phenotyped for resistance to P. viticola using a bioassay with leaf discs. Six plants containing the Rpv1 and Rpv3.1 pyramided loci were identified by the molecular analysis. Plants harboring the Rpv1 + Rpv3.1, Rpv3.1, and Rpv1 loci showed 12.8, 30.0, and 33.1 sporangiophores per leaf disc, respectively. Plants with no resistance loci showed a dense sporulation. The phenotypic analysis of the expression of the two pyramided loci was only confirmed for four plants that showed the highest resistance level, i.e., mean value of 1.8 sporangiophores. A high-throughput method for pyramiding the Rpv1 and Rpv3.1 loci was developed, which confirmed the increased resistance to P. viticola. The selected elite genetic material shows a high resistance to downy mildew and elevated enological potential for grapevine breeding in Brazil.

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