Currently, the development of nanotechnology and the digital economy requires a deeper study of the basic foundations of the functioning of society and the economy, among which the production, distribution and consumption of energy of various types and forms are of particular importance. The emphasis of theoreticians and practitioners on a comprehensive review of the role of energy should be reflected in the methodology for calculating energy conservation in the production process and the provision of services. This article draws attention to the need to revise the methodology for calculating the energy saving and energy efficiency indicators of a company based on the consideration of all types of energy (energy, heat, mechanical, light, human, etc.) in the company’s activities. According to the author, a complete accounting of the energy used will optimize the costs of the company, maximize profits, and accordingly determine the development strategy of the company in the new business environment. In addition, the financial and economic performance of the company should also be updated and improved, taking into account the consumption of various forms and types of energy.

The paper discusses such issues as the role and importance of studying energy-saving behavior of households in the national economy and society, the need for new methodological approaches to their study, neoclassical, institutional, technological approaches to the study of the behavior of households in the energy sector. Also the basics of construction of multi-parameter mathematical models of household behavior are proposed..

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The relevance of the study is related to the role of household behavior in the field of energy saving in the context of the development of hydrocarbon energy, in the implementation of energy-saving technologies, the rational use of resources in energy generation, as well as in stabilizing the energy market. The research methodology is based on system and factor analyzes of the neoclassical direction and institutionalism of economic theory, which are ambiguously implemented in shaping the behavior of households in energy saving. The conclusions of the study include highlighting the specifics of the behavior of households in energy saving, the influence of external factors - institutional, infrastructural and others on the rational behavior of households in energy saving. It was stated that the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the provision of energy services and their constant changes limit the formation of rational behavior of households in energy saving. It is suggested that when drawing up an energy-saving policy in the short term, it is necessary to use the factorial theoretical and methodological provisions of neoclassicism, and in the long term to use the factorial approach of institutionalism. The paper analyzes and proposes four models of energy-saving behavior of households and identifies problems and difficulties in the process of their implementation in practice. A factor analysis of the influence of household behavior on the implementation of sustainable energy was also carried out. The transition to sustainable energy, as well as the solution of the problems that stand in its way, must be carried out taking into account the interests and capabilities of households.