This work was carried out to analyse the microbiological parameters of the water quality of a reservoir used for the irrigation and culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in floating net cages. The physico-chemical parameters, counts of mesophilic total aerobic bacteria, total and thermotolerant coliforms and fecal streptococci, and the presence of Escherichia coli in samples of water collected in three sites of the reservoir (pre-culture site, culture site, post-culture site) were analysed. The levels of ammonia (0.047-0.059 mg/L), nitrite (0.001-0.021 mg/L) and total phosphorus (0.050-0.355 mg/L) in the water did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between sampling sites. The levels of total bacteria in the water varied between 1.3 x 10 4 and 67.3 x 10 4 CFU/100 mL. The MPN values of thermotolerant coliforms (< 930 MPN/100 mL) were within values recommended for water used for fish culture and/or irrigation. The presence of E. coli and fecal streptococci were verified in 48% and 56% of analysed samples, respectively. The site with floating net cages showed more samples contaminated with E. coli and fecal streptococci than other sampling points.Keywords: fish culture, tilapia, cage, coliforms, faecal streptococci. Influência da piscicultura em tanques-rede sobre os microrganismos indicadores da qualidade de água ResumoEste trabalho foi realizado para analisar os parâmetros microbiológicos da qualidade da água de um reservatório destinado a irrigação e à cultivo de tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em tanques redes. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros físico-químicos, quantificação de bactérias totais aeróbias mesófilas, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, estreptococos fecais e a detecção de E. coli em amostras de água coletada em três pontos distintos do açude (pré-cultivo, cultivo, pós-cultivo). Os níveis de amônia (0,047-0,059 mg/L), nitrito (0,001-0,021 mg/L) e fósforo total (0,050-0,355 mg/L) na água não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0.05) entre os pontos de coleta. As contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variaram entre 1,3 x 10 4 e 67,3 x 10 4 UFC/100 mL nas amostras de água. O NMP de coliformes termotolerantes (< 930 NMP/100 mL) se apresentou dentro do limite permitido para águas doces destinadas a piscicultura e/ou irrigação. A presença de E. coli foi constatada em 48% e de estreptococos fecais em 56% das amostras de água analisadas. O local de cultivo de tilápia em tanques-rede apresentou maior número de amostras contaminadas com E. coli e estreptococos fecais que outros pontos de amostragem.

In this work, a sustainable and environmental friendly strategy for the biotechnological production of xylitol was proposed and optimized. For this purpose, corn cob was hydrothermally pretreated at high solid loadings (25%) for an efficient solubilization of xylan in hemicellulose derived compounds, xylooligosaccharides and xylose. Xylose enriched streams were obtained from the enzymatic saccharification of the whole slurry (solid and liquid fraction) resulting from the autohydrolysis pretreatment. The xylitol production in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process, by the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2-GRE3 strain, was optimized using different enzyme and substrate (pretreated corn cob solid) loadings by an experimental design. This study demonstrated a significant effect of substrate loading on the production process achieving a maximal concentration of 47 g/L with 6.7 % of pretreated corn cob and 24 FPU/g of enzyme loading, with partial detoxification of the hydrolysate. Furthermore, the 1.42-fold increase in xylitol titer and 1.56-fold increase in productivity achieved in a SSF using an acetic acid free-hydrolysate evidenced the negative effect of acetic acid on the yeast-based xylitol production process. The combination of these green technologies and the optimization of the proposed strategy enhanced the overall xylitol production through the valorization of corn cob.

Background: The disorder of reflex and motor function in patients affected by stroke causes negative impact on the performance of

To evaluate the prevalence of anterior open bite and to investi gate its associati on to non-nutriti ve sucking habits, breast-feeding, mouth breathing and family income, among children aged 3 to 5 years att ending public day care centers in a city of the Brazilian Northeast. Method: One-hundred and seventeen children with complete primary denti ti on were examined and their mothers underwent a structured interview in order to gather informati on on pediatric oral habits. Any negati ve value was considered as an anterior open bite. The collected data were entered in the SPSS 13.0 soft ware and presented on conti ngence tables. The chisquare test was used to verify associati ons among the variables, with p<0.05. Results: It was observed that 54.7% of the children presented object-biti ng habit, 49.6% used pacifi ers, 9.4% presented thumb sucking habit, 47.9% used nursing bott les and 23.1% presented tooth grinding. Anterior open bite was prevalent in 36.8% of the children and it had a stati sti cally signifi cant associati on with the male gender (p=0.038), mouth breathing (p=0.007), and use of nursing bott les (p=0.040) and pacifi ers (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Oral health promoti on policies may be implemented for the populati on with emphasis on breast feeding, especially up to 6 months of age, special att enti on to the use of pacifi ers and nursing bott les, observing ti me of usage and hygiene, as well as early identi fi cati on of anterior open bites for ti mely adopti on of preventi on and/or correcti on. Objeti vo: Verifi car a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior e investi gar sua associação a hábitos de sucção não-nutriti va, amamentação, respiração bucal e renda familiar em crianças entre 3 e 5 anos de idade matriculadas em creches públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Um total de 117 crianças com denti ção decídua completa foram examinadas e suas mães foram submeti das a uma entrevista estruturada a fi m de se obter informações acerca dos hábitos bucais infanti s. Considerou-se como mordida aberta anterior qualquer valor negati vo evidenciado. Os dados obti dos foram inseridos no pacote estatí sti co SPSS 13.0 e apresentados em tabelas de conti ngência. Uti lizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para verifi cação de associação entre as variáveis e considerouse signifi cati vo com p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que 54,7% das crianças possuíam o hábito de morder objetos, 49,6% fazia uso de chupetas, 9,4% prati cavam sucção digital, 47,9% uti lizava mamadeiras e 23,1% prati cava bruxismo. A prevalência de mordida aberta anterior foi de 36,8% estando a mesma associada de forma estati sti camente signifi cati va ao gênero masculino (p=0,038), à respiração bucal (p=0,007) e ao uso de mamadeiras (p=0,040) e chupetas (p=0,0001). Conclusão: Políti cas de promoção de saúde bucal podem ser implementadas na população com ênfase na amamentação natural especialmente até os 6 meses de idade, cuidado no uso de chupetas e bicos, observando tempo de uso e higiene e identi fi cação precoce das mordidas abert...

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