No abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the risk of developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent moderate to severe laryngotracheal stenoses (LSTs) with an early presentation that occurs between two and three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a series of 12 cases of LST following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dense lymphocyte infiltration with multinuclear giant cell granulomas was found on biopsy with intranuclear inclusions, suggestive of viral cytopathic effects in one case and intravascular fibrin thrombi with perivascular mononuclear infiltrate of CD3 + T lymphocytes. We present the largest and only series that describes clinical and histopathological characteristics of LTS and the management and outcomes after early laryngotracheal reconstruction in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

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Laryngotracheal trauma is rare but potentially life-threatening as it implies a high risk of compromising airway patency. A consensus on damage control management for laryngotracheal trauma is presented in this article. Tracheal injuries require a primary repair. In the setting of massive destruction, the airway patency must be assured, local hemostasis and control measures should be performed, and definitive management must be deferred. On the other hand, management of laryngeal trauma should be conservative, primary repair should be chosen only if minimal disruption, otherwise, management should be delayed. Definitive management must be carried out, if possible, in the first 24 hours by a multidisciplinary team conformed by trauma and emergency surgery, head and neck surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and chest surgery. Conservative management is proposed as the damage control strategy in laryngotracheal trauma.