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This chapter establishes that silvopastoral systems may be an economical, ecological and social productive alternative in Patagonia. The forestry potential for introduced fast growing species in this area and the actual policies that encourage this activity open the possibility for silvopastoral use of many types of planted forests, adding potential surface of these systems to that of some native forests. The challenge of sustainable silvopastoral system development in Patagonia provides the opportunity of an ecologically based approach to land management that can contribute to production diversification and long-term economic sustainability and profitability for farmers and society. It is also important to distinguish between the landowners in the south and the family-based production units in the north of Patagonia where projects for integrated development should prevail.

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Efecto del control de malezas sobre el prendimiento y crecimiento inicial de plantaciones de Pinus ponderosa en la Patagonia ArgentinaEffects of weed control on survival and early growth of Pinus ponderosa plantations in Patagonia, Argentina SUMMARYPinus ponderosa is the tree species with the highest potential for plantation in the Andean Patagonian Region of Argentina. Today, most of these plantations are carried out without any site preparation nor taking into account the relationship site-type of seedling. In this study we present the results of three plantation trials carried out in three different sites (regarding precipitation regime and vegetational characteristics), by using two types of seedlings, and with and without herbicide weed control. The period analyzed corresponds to 6 years after trial installation. A differential response was found among types of plant growing in the different sites, and an increase in establishment and growth was registered for those plants grown in weed-free areas when compared to the untreated controls. It was also shown that the herbicide effect upon plant growth starts appearing the second year after treatment.Key words: Patagonia, ponderosa pine, plantation, types of seedlings, herbicide. RESUMENPinus ponderosa es la especie implantada con mayor potencial en la región andino patagónica en Argentina. Actualmente las plantaciones se realizan sin ninguna preparación del sitio y sin tener en cuenta la relación sitio-tipo de planta. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de tres ensayos de plantación, instalados en tres sitios distintos en cuanto a precipitación y vegetación, utilizando dos tipos de planta y con y sin control de malezas con herbicidas. El período analizado corresponde a los seis años posteriores a la instalación de los ensayos. Se encontró un comportamiento diferencial de los tipos de planta en los diferentes sitios y un aumento importante en prendimiento y crecimiento inicial en altura, eliminando las malezas mediante el uso de herbicidas. Además se observó que el efecto de la eliminación de malezas sobre el crecimiento comienza a manifestarse recién al segundo año.Palabras clave: Patagonia, pino ponderosa, plantación, tipos de plantines, herbicida.

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