Cómo citar este artículo: A. Guardiola-Víllora, L. Basset-Salom, Escenarios de riesgo sísmico del distrito del Eixample de la ciudad de Valencia, Rev. int. métodos numér. cálc. diseño ing. 2014. http://dx.información del artículo Historia del artículo: Recibido el 23 de marzo de 2013 Aceptado el 10 de enero de 2014 On-line el xxx Palabras clave: Riesgo sísmico Vulnerabilidad sísmica Áreas urbanas residenciales Escenario de daño Sistema de información geográficar e s u m e n La evaluación de los escenarios de daño y de pérdidas humanas y materiales es imprescindible para la reducción del riesgo sísmico, incluso en regiones de baja o moderada sismicidad.Se presenta el estudio del riesgo sísmico del distrito residencial del Eixample de Valencia (España), de gran valor histórico y arquitectónico, en el que predominan los edificios de mampostería y donde se encuentra gran parte del patrimonio modernista de la ciudad.Se ha evaluado la vulnerabilidad sísmica con el método del índice de vulnerabilidad [1], se ha determinado la calidad sísmica de la edificación residencial según su tipología estructural, estado de conservación, edad y geometría, y se han identificado los edificios más vulnerables. Posteriormente se han determinado las matrices de probabilidad de daño para escenarios deterministas y probabilistas según la distribución binomial o beta equivalente y, finalmente, mediante un sistema de información geográfica se han elaborado mapas de escenarios de daño, pérdidas y costes, para cada intensidad.Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la vulnerabilidad es elevada y el riesgo sísmico apreciable. Un estudio pormenorizado permitiría mejorar el comportamiento estructural frente a sismo de los edificios del distrito, especialmente si están protegidos, contribuyendo a la reducción de pérdidas humanas y materiales y salvaguardando el patrimonio de la ciudad.Por otra parte, el Plan Especial frente al Riesgo Sísmico en la Comunitat Valenciana, aprobado en 2011, recomienda la elaboración de planes específicos en varios municipios entre los que se encuentra la ciudad de Valencia. Este estudio a pequeña escala puede servir como punto de partida haciéndolo extensivo a toda la ciudad. a b s t r a c tThe assessment of damage scenarios and human and material losses is essential for seismic risk reduction, even in regions of low or moderate seismicity.A seismic risk evaluation is carried out in the residential district of Eixample in Valencia (Spain), a district with great historical and architectural value, with predominantly masonry buildings and where most of the modernist heritage of the city is located.Seismic vulnerability has been evaluated following the vulnerability index method [1] obtaining the seismic quality for the residential building stock taking into account the structural typology, maintenance level, age and geometry, and identifying the most vulnerable buildings. Damage probability matrices for deterministic and probabilistic scenarios have subsequently been determined considering a binomial or beta-equivalent ...

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According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction cities must take measures to anticipate disasters and mitigate their impact, protecting homes and cultural heritage, minimizing losses due to earthquakes and other threats. After the recent earthquakes in historical city centres, the evaluation of the seismic risk, even in regions of low or moderate seismicity, is imperative, being damage assessment and loss estimation essential for its reduction. In this paper the seismic risk analysis of the residential buildings in the Ciutat Vella District in Valencia, with great historical and architectural value, is presented. The vulnerability of Ciutat Vella has been assessed with the Vulnerability Index Method establishing the seismic quality of the residential buildings according to their structural typology, conservation status, age and geometry; identifying the most vulnerable buildings. Damage probability matrices have been obtained for the deterministic and probabilistic earthquake scenarios, estimating for each of them, the seismic risk in terms of direct social and economic losses, mapping the results using a GIS system tool. Results confirm that the vulnerability of the building stock in Ciutat Vella is high being the seismic risk significant. In the event of an earthquake, many residential buildings included in the Catalogue of Listed Buildings of the Special Protection Plan of Ciutat Vella will be damaged. A detailed analysis of the most vulnerable buildings will provide criteria for intervention to enhance their structural seismic response, safeguarding the architectural heritage and contributing to the reduction of human and material losses.

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Lorca, the city centre of which had been one of the first in Spain to be declared an artistic historic site (1964), is an earthquake prone city. This is the reason why its unreinforced masonry vernacular residential architecture includes reinforcement features (quoins, pegs or ring beams) reducing the seismic vulnerability and improving, consequently, their seismic behaviour. Nevertheless, the seismic response of those buildings to the Lorca May 11th 2011 earthquake was very heterogeneous; it is important to point out that even some of them were demolished in the aftermath of this event. Given that the seismicity and construction and geometric characteristics (load-bearing walls, floors, materials, height, façade layout, etc.) are similar in the historic centre, a comparative study of the vulnerability of a sample of buildings with diverse observed damage degrees has been carried out in order to understand why their seismic response has been different. Results showed that notwithstanding the influence of construction techniques, the level of building maintenance (masonry and roofs) is a determinant factor in lowering the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry structures in historic city centres and in improving their seismic behaviour.