So far no standardized screening instrument for autism spectrum disorders for adults has been developed in Poland. The main aim of the study was to explore the properties of the Polish version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), especially its reliability and discriminating power. The second purpose was to establish whether the pattern of sex and area of study differences in the amount of autistic traits found in other countries also exist in Poland. The groups in the study included students (n = 2819), adults with ASD (n = 60) and a non-clinical sample (n = 60) matched with the ASD group for age, sex, education and place of residence. The Polish version of AQ proved to be reliable, although - as in studies conducted in other countries - the internal consistency coefficients for subscales (with exception for social skill) were low. ASD diagnosis was the most powerful determinant of AQ scores. Sex differences in autistic traits and a relationship between autistic traits and area of study were found.
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej zespołu katatonicznego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem specyfiki wieku rozwojowego. Najnowsze klasyfikacje wprowadziły zmiany w dotychczasowym rozumieniu katatonii. Katatonia może być rozpoznana jako odrębny zespół lub jako zespół towarzyszący innym zaburzeniom psychicznym. Kryteria diagnostyczne dla katatonii u dzieci i młodzieży są tożsame z kryteriami dla dorosłych, jednakże badacze zwracają uwagę na pewne odmienności obrazu klinicznego i względnie wysoki procent pacjentów ze schorzeniami somatycznymi, których manifestacją kliniczną jest zespół katatoniczny. Rośnie także liczba badań dotycząca współwystępowania katatonii i całościowych zaburzeń rozwoju. Z kolei schorzeniami opisywanymi w literaturze, lecz nieujętymi w sposób ścisły w klasyfikacjach jest przewlekły zespół odmowy i ostra śmiertelna katatonia. W niniejszej pracy omówiono także podstawowe zasady leczenia. Podstawowym leczeniem w katatonii jest stosowanie benzodiazepin i elektrowstrząsów. Zagadnienie diagnozy i leczenia katatonii ma duże znaczenie praktyczne. Jest to schorzenie, które nieprawidłowo rozpoznane i leczone może prowadzić do śmierci – a równocześnie jest to także choroba, w której dysponujemy skutecznym leczeniem.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment option in catatonia, and for prolonged or severe affective episodes and schizophrenia. Response rates vary from 40 to 80% in adolescents. The procedure is safe if the required precautions are undertaken. Nonetheless, ECT remains a serious clinical challenge in patients with comorbid seizures. We present a case study of a 17-year-old female student suffering from schizophrenia who was scheduled for ECT due to prior treatment inefficacy. Seizures had occurred a few days before the first ECT session. Nevertheless, the patient received the ECT course, combined with clozapine at 125 mg/day, after neurological diagnosis and treatment modification because the illness became life-threatening. The patient's clinical outcome was satisfactory without any seriously adverse events and further improvements were observed in the mental state following long-term psychosocial treatment at our inpatient unit. A few months later, epilepsy was however diagnosed with probably coexistence of partial seizures and seizure-like events without EEG correlate. Administering ECT in patients with seizure comorbidity was also investigated based on previous research. Data on this is, however, extremely scarce and to the best of our knowledge, the safety and efficacy of using ECT in adolescents with schizophrenia and seizures has yet not to any great extent been discussed in the literature.
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