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Indonesia’s rank in world was 5th on stunting case. 5 million of children under five (38.6 % from 12 milion) got stunting in Indonesia. The aims of this study were to descript the social construction of rural-urban community about the meaning of children’s health and illness,and the pattern of nurturing which was related to stunting. The study used qualitative’s method, datas collected with depth interview and observation partisipation. The study was conducted in rural-urban communities which had stunting cases in Jember (Kalisat and Jelbuk). The study was conducted in June to December 2013. The study showed that stunting were related to social construction. Difference social construction in rural-urban which constructed the meaning of healthy or illness and nuruturing the stunting’s children was affected by maternal education, early-age marriage, after marriage’s residence, responsibilities of nurturing, and valuable concept in community that causes the lack of knowledge about nutrition. The study concluded that stunting was not a single cause of heatlh’s problems, but it related to social construction. Causes lied in the distinction of social construction, patterns of communication and interpretation between health providers and community, so there was no meeting point for the success of nutritional improvement children under five’s programs.

Primary health care (Puskesmas) are the pioneer of GERMAS movement by health promotion and community empowerment activities (Promkes and PM). Financial support is one of the most important resources to managing activities. The object of this research is to provide information of costs and financial sources of Promkes and PM activities in Puskesmas. This research is a secondary data analysis of Health Cost Research for First Level Health Facility (RPK FKTP) 2015. The unit of analysis is puskesmas which organize Promkes and PM activities. There were 299 puskesmas in 2013 and 302 puskesmas in 2014. The data was analyze descriptively and comparing the amount and percentage of cost Promkes and PM activities in 2013/2014 along with financial resources by characteristics of Puskesmas. The results showed the average cost of organizing the Promkes and PM activities in 2014 is increasing, but the average percentage has decreased. In the period of 2013–2014, the average percentage to managing activities is 7,8%. The main financial source of the program is BOK. This condition occurs throughout the region. The cost of organizing the activities is directly proportional to the FCI category, but is inversely proportional to the IPKM category. Furthermore, in 2014 there is also an increased cost to organize activities in inpatient primary health care (Puskesmas rawat inap) and non-inpatient primary health care (Puskesmas non rawat inap). There is no minimum standard to regulate costing for program. It recommends to set up a minimum budget standard to takes account the categories of FCI and IPKM, arrange indicators to evaluate Promkes and PM activities to generate an ideal budget for Promkes and PM activities at puskesmas for succeeding the Germas movement. Abstrak Puskesmas menjadi ujung tombak keberhasilan GERMAS melalui kegiatan wajib promosi kesehatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat (Promkes dan PM). Dukungan anggaran menjadi salah satu sumber daya penting penyelenggaraan kegiatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberi informasi besaran biaya dan sumber dana penyelenggaraan kegiatan Promkes dan PM di Puskesmas. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data sekunder Riset Pembiayaan Kesehatan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (RPK FKTP) 2015. Unit analisis adalah puskesmas yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan Promkes dan PM yaitu 299 puskesmas di tahun 2013 dan 302 puskesmas di tahun 2014. Analisa data secara deskriptif dan komparasi terhadap besaran dan rerata persentase biaya tahun 2013/2014, sumber dana, dengan memperhatikan karakteristik Puskesmas. Hasil menginformasikan rerata biaya penyelenggaraan kegiatan Promkes dan PM tahun 2014 mengalami pertambahan, namun penurunan dalam rerata persentase biaya. Pada periode tahun 2013–2014, rerata persentase biaya penyelenggaraan adalah 7,8%. Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) merupakan sumber dana utama. Tahun 2014 seluruh regional mengalami pertambahan biaya penyelenggaraan, namun penurunan dalam rata-rata persentase biaya. Besar anggaran penyelenggaraan kegiatan berbanding lurus dengan kategori FCI, namun berbanding terbalik dengan kategori IPKM. Tahun 2014, biaya penyelenggaraan kegiatan pada puskesmas non rawat inap dan puskesmas perairan atau di daerah terpencil bertambah. Belum ada peraturan standar minimal anggaran kegiatan Promkes dan PM. Disarankan perlu ditetapkan standar anggaran yang memperhatikan kategori IPKM dan FCI, penyusunan indikator keberhasilan kegiatan promkes dan PM untuk memperoleh besaran ideal anggaran kegiatan Promkes dan PM di Puskesmas demi keberhasilan GERMAS.

Life Expectancy is a tool for evaluating government performance in improving the welfare of the population in general, and improving health status in particular. Research on life expectancy is necessary, as life expectancy is an important indicator of health and economic development. The research aims to make the modeling of life expectancy of men and women in Indonesia based on health variables that exist in susenas 2016. This research is a research of secondary data with multiple linear regression analysis. There were 17 predictor variables analyzed for female AHH and 13 predictor variables for male AHH. Most of the variables are health variables. there are only 2 variables of all variables were signifi cant to female AHH. there are only 4 variables were signifi cant to male AHH The regression model shows that AHH has a higher constant than the male AHH. The results show that the variables that give signifi cant effect to the female AHH were the percentage of people who ever been hospitalized, Toddler age 0–2 year was still breastfed and the household using the toilet facility. For male AHH the signifi cant variables are Toddler age 0–2 year was still breastfed, household using the toilet facility, and residents using health insurance for inpatient and outpatient. Abstrak Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH) merupakan alat untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pemerintah dalam meningkatkankesejahteraan penduduk pada umumnya, dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pada khususnya. Penelitian mengenai AHH sangat diperlukan, mengingat Angka Harapan Hidup merupakan indikator penting pembangunan kesehatan dan ekonomi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuat pemodelan AHH laki-laki dan perempuan di Indonesia berdasarkan variabel yang ada di susenas 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian data sekunder dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Terdapat 17 variabel prediktor yang dianalisis untuk AHH perempuan dan 13 variabel prediktor untuk AHH laki-laki. Sebagian besar variabel merupakan variabel kesehatan. Dari variabel tersebut hanya 3 variabel prediktor yang signifi kan terhadap AHH perempuan dan 4 variabel yang signifi kan terhadap AHH laki-laki. Model regresi menunjukkan AHH perempuan mempunyai konstanta yang lebih besar daripada AHH laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memberi pengaruh signifi kan terhadap AHH perempuan adalah persentase penduduk yang pernah rawat inap, Baduta masih ASI dan rumah tangga yang menggunakan fasilitas buang air besar (BAB). Untuk AHH laki-laki variabel yang signifi kans adalah Baduta masih ASI, rumah tangga yang menggunakan fasilitas buang air besar (BAB),serta penduduk yang menggunakan jaminan kesehatan untuk rawat inap dan rawat jalan.

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