Compounds with the structure R1-N=y-RZ $ecompose either thermally or photochemically to yield nitrogen and the radicals R' and R'. These radicals, under appropriate conditions, can either act as polymerization initiators or can be trapped by radical scavengers such as iodine. In the presence of suitable reagents the title compounds behave like diazonium salts and thus, since they are relatively stable, may provide a safe and readily available diazonium ion source.
In order to graft methacrylonitrile onto preformed networks containing thermolabile azo groups, the monomer was used to swell the networks and then the temperature raised to the decomposition temperature for the azo groups. The unusually high grafting efficiencies yields (E) achieved are explained in terms of both the differences in the reactivities of the primary radicals formed and side reactions, which lead to additional grafting sites. As an aid to understand the dependence of monomer conversion on that of the initiator a kinetic model is discussed, which involves the consideration of the polymerization taking place both in the homogeneous phase and within the polymer pearls, which can be treated as isolated reactors. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Um Methacrylnitril auf vorher synthetisierte Netzwerke, die thermolabile Azogruppen enthielten, zu pfropfen, wurde das Monomere zur Quellung der Netzwerke benutzt und anschlieBend die Temperatur bis zur Zerfallstemperatur der Azogruppen erhoht. Die erhaltenen, ungewohnlich hohen Pfropfausbeuten wurden auf Basis der Reaktivitittsdifferenzen der gebildeten Radikale und von Nebenreaktionen, die zu zusiitzlichen Pfropfstellen fuhrten, erklikt. Um die Abhangigkeit des Monomerumsatzes vom Initiatorverbrauch zu verstehen, wurde ein kinetisches Model1 diskutiert, das sowohl die Polymerisation in homogener Phase als auch in den Polymerperlen, die als isolierte Reaktoren betrachtet werden konnen, berucksichtigt. a
The terpolymerization of the three monomers (3-vinyl pheny1azo)methylmalodinitrile (l), (3-vinyl pheny1azo)phenylsulfid (2) or 1-(3-vinylphenylazo)-l ,I '-diphenyl methylacetate (3) with methyl methacrylate and butanediol-I ,Cdimethacrylate leads to networks in which the thermolabile azo groups remain intact. Both, the azo monomer and the crosslinking agent are essentially quantitatively incorporated into the network before the conversion of the third monomer is complete. The networks have been characterized in terms of their swelling in benzene, chlorobenzene, and methacrylonitrile. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Die Terpolymerisation der drei Monomeren (3-Vinylphenylazo)-methylmalodinitril (l), (3-Vinylpheny1azo)phenylsulfid (2) oder 1-(3-Vinylphenylazo)-l ,I '-diphenylmethylacetat (3) mit Methylmethacrylat und Butandiol-l,4-dimethacrylat fuhrt zu Netzwerken, in denen die thermolabile Azogruppe intakt bleibt. Sowohl das Azomonomere als auch der Vernetzer werden grundsatzlich quantitativ in das Netzwerk eingebaut, ehe die Umsetzung des dritten Monomeren vollstiindig ist. Die Netzwerke wurden beziiglich ihrer Quellung in Benzol, Chlorbenzol und Methacrylnitril charakterisiert.
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