J.L. Troncoso, M. Aguirre, P. Manríquez, V. Labarra, and Y. Ormazábal. 2010. The influence of physical attributes on the price of land: the case of the province of Talca, Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(3): 105-112.This study aims at estimating the percent impact on the price of farmland of the following physical attributes: size, soil quality, water rights, connectivity and location. To this effect, all the farm sales occurred in the province of Talca between 2003 and 2006 were examined, directly from the corresponding title deeds, at the Conservador de Bienes Raíces (Property Register) of Talca, obtaining thus a total of 92 observations. Subsequently, a linear function was estimated, with price per hectare as the dependent variable and the physical attributes listed above, as explanatory variables. Analysis showed that the most influential variable is location (i.e. county) and in a very minor degree, connectivity (i.e. distance to the nearest paved road), water rights, soil quality and size. Talca is the preferred county, as location in other counties has negative impacts on price. Size and connectivity have negative impacts, while water rights and soil quality have positive impacts on price.
This study aims at determining the marginal prices of agronomic and marketing variables for Chilean export apples. The agronomic variables are variety and size, and the marketing variables destination port and month of sale. The database corresponds to the 2002-03 and 2003-04 seasons and was obtained directly from the export bulletins of an important Chilean fruit export company. A hedonic price linear function was estimated in terms of the variables mentioned. A generalized linear model was employed and parameters were estimated via the maximum-likelihood method. Results showed that the most influential variable on the final price of apples is destination port, followed by variety, month of sale and size. Using as reference Saudi Arabian ports, Taiwan should be preferred while Rotterdam, other European ports, Philadelphia and other American ports and Latin America are worst choices than Saudi Arabia. With respect to 'Red Chief ', the reference variety, 'Fuji' and 'Gala' have positive marginal prices whereas 'Granny Smith' showed a null marginal price. Sales in March or April show negative and null marginal prices respectively, suggesting that the best choice is May. The cost of cold storage, however, can offset the advantage of a late sale. Finally the study shows that size has little significance on final price and that 28 additional points in the size index are required to justify the cost of thinning.Additional key words: hedonic price function, marginal price. ResumenNota corta. La influencia del calibre, variedad, puerto de destino y mes de venta en el precio de exportación de la manzana chilena: un enfoque hedónico Este estudio busca estimar el precio marginal de algunas variables agronómicas y de mercado, en manzanas de exportación chilenas. Las variables agronómicas son variedad y calibre, y las de mercado, puerto de destino y mes de exportación. La base de datos corresponde a las temporadas 2002-03 y 2003-04 y se obtuvo de los boletines de exportación de una importante exportadora de fruta chilena. Se estimó una función lineal de precios hedónicos, en términos de las variables mencionadas. Se empleó un modelo lineal generalizado con estimadores de máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados mostraron que el puerto de destino es la variable más influyente en el precio final, seguido de la variedad, mes de venta y calibre. Tomando como referencia los puertos de Arabia Saudita, Taiwán es la mejor elección en tanto que Rótterdam, otros puertos europeos, Filadelfia y otros puertos norteamericanos y los puertos latinoamericanos, muestran precios marginales negativos y, consecuentemente, son peores elecciones que los puertos árabes. En relación a 'Red Chief ', la variedad de referencia, 'Fuji' y 'Gala' muestran precios marginales positivos en tanto que 'Granny Smith' tiene un precio marginal nulo. Una venta en marzo o en abril muestra precios marginales negativo y nulo respectivamente, sugiriendo que el mejor mes es mayo. No obstante, la ventaja de una venta tardía puede anularse por el costo del almacenaje ...
Efecto antioxidante y hepatoprotector del Petroselinum sativum (perejil) en ratas
ResumenIntroducción. En la tuna existen compuestos antioxidantes, pero, se desconoce si hay en el ayrampo. Objetivo. Determinar la capacidad antioxidante de Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) y de Opuntia ficus-indica (tuna). Diseño. Estudio analítico observacional. Lugar. Laboratorio de Bioquímica Clínica y Nutricional, Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico. Fruta fresca (ff) de Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) y Opuntia ficusindica (tuna). Intervenciones. En los extractos acuosos se realizaron determinaciones de vitamina C, polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante (FRAP). Los resultados se analizaron mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney, con 95% de confianza. Principales medidas de resultados. Concentración de vitamina C y polifenoles totales; capacidad antioxidante. Resultados. El ayrampo presentó mayor concentración de vitamina C (49,9 y 36,1 mg de ácido ascórbico/100 g ff), mayor concentración de polifenoles totales (107,3 y 68,7 mg de equivalente ácido gálico/100 g ff) y mayor capacidad antioxidante (1,1 y 0,7 mmoles de Fe-II/100 g ff) que la tuna. El ayrampo mostró mayor correlación entre la capacidad antioxidante y la vitamina C (0,91 y 0,56), mientras que, la tuna tuvo mayor correlación entre la capacidad antioxidante y los polifenoles totales (0,98 y 0,82). Conclusiones. El ayrampo presentó mayor capacidad antioxidante que la tuna. Palabras clave. Ayrampo; Tuna; Vitamina C; Polifenoles totales; Capacidad Antioxidante. Abstract Introduction. The cactus pear contains antioxidant compounds, but it is unknown if these exist in the ayrampo. Objective. To determine the antioxidant capacity of Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) and Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus pear). Design. Analytical observational study. Location. Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material. Fresh fruit (ff) of both Opuntia apurimacensis (ayrampo) and Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus pear). Interventions. Determination of vitamin C, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were performed in both fruits aqueous extracts. Results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with 95% confidence. Main outcome measures. Concentration of vitamin C and polyphenols; antioxidant capacity (FRAP). Results. Compared to the cactus pear, ayrampo presented the highest concentration of vitamin C (49.9 and 36.1 mg ascorbic acid/100 g ff), highest concentration of total polyphenols (107.3 and 68.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g ff) and highest antioxidant capacity (1.1 and 0.7 mmol of Fe-II/100 g ff). Ayrampo showed the highest correlation between antioxidant capacity and vitamin C (0.91 and 0.56), and the prickly pear the higher correlation between antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols (0.98 and 0.82). Conclusions. Ayrampo showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to cactus pear.
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