In the 20th century, scientists attempted to limitate the workings of the mind onto the brain by detailing its anatomy and physiology. The task of localizing function, however, has proven to be very difficult than initially presumed, with almoust all regions of the brain subserving a variety of processes and having only loose coupling of structure and function. As we know, the majority of neuropsychological tests and the brain capacities they tap lack brain regional specificity. This is a complex and sophisticated problem, that gets much worse in the brain that is compounded significantly by damage or disease. However, in the past two decades, neuroimaging has rekindled and renewed enthusiasm for unraveling brain function. Recent studies of cerebral image show “in vivo” what had already been proven in the laboratory: there are multiples neuroquimical changes in cortical and subcortical areas of the brain in psychiatric patients.Amongst the many techniques and technologies that have been developed, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has proven to be one of the most exciting and perhaps the most used. It has permitted unprecedented access to the living brain. The authors propose to do a brief review on the late descoverys and studys that have been done with neuroimage.

The authors describe case of a male of 48 years old admitted in an acute psychiatric unit with psychomotor restlessness, temporal disorientation and severe distractibility, although prior to the admission he had shown symptoms of apathy and social retraction suggesting a depressive syndrome. This was a patient without prior psychiatric history, with a good psychosocial functioning and well adjusted prior personality. Within one year, there was a change in his personality and the appearance of an inadequate social conduct, with an insidious onset and gradual progression. CT scan and MRI showed lobar fronto-temporal atrophy. The SPECT showed also changes consistent with a fronto-temporal dementia. During the admission he manifested hyperactivity, some desinhibition, mental rigidity, inflexibility, stereotyped behaviors and persevering with continuous walking and changes in eating habits, alternating severe anorexia with hyperphagia. He also presented distractibility, poor speech with loss of spontaneity, an indifferent attitude, emotional flattening and lack of insight for his condition. In the neuropsychological evaluation initially existed only prejudice of the frontal lobes functions, with preservation of other cognitive functions, but gradually evolved. Addressing to the therapy, it were used various drugs, including SSRI"s, that until now have not proved to be effective in controlling the symptoms, highlighting the difficulty in the psychopharmacological approach of FTD.

Introduction:The feeders are usually people who encourage others (the "gainer") to increase their weight by the pleasure of seeing eat or see "fat" or, more often, because of the relationship of domination, control and dependency that this holds. Although still little studied, there are references to “feeding” as a fetishism, disturbance of eating, or even as a form of physical and psychological violence with special features.Target, Material and Methods:Presentation of a clinical case (emerged in the consultation of general psychiatry) of a patient for 43 years, married, overweighted (because of imposed feeding of her husband) that presents depressive episodes. Hold a literature review based on the search Pubmed / Medline on the concepts of feeders and gainers and pharmacological approaches and psicotherapy.Conclusions:There are numerous cases described in both sexes, weighing above normal and that fail to reach the ideal weight for food imposition of other persons, most often, someone close to the patient (spouse, parents, etc.). There is a need to distinguish this from the "fat lovers”, that as a sexual link. The imposition food can lead to an addiction control and the patient and the feeder often requires the psychiatry assistance in a systemic perspective.

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Recent studies involved the pathways of kinases regulated by extracellular signal (ERK - extracellular signal regulated kinases), a broad range of key cellular processes, in the mechanisms of depression and consequently in the action of antidepressants. It is also known that the use of specific inhibitors of phosphorylation of ERKs1 / 2 showed to have antidepressant effect in animal models. Fluoxetina (SSRI) was recently discovered to be a potente inhibitor of phosphorylation of ERKs. The ERKs1 / 2 and recently the 3, are present in neurons and glia, these also engaged in biological mechanisms of depression.The authors propose to do, based on the current literature, the characterization of the type (s) of cell (s) where changes in activation of ERKs1 / 2, occur during depression, and during the administration of antidepressants, in order to understand, to what extent these kinases may be considered as biological markers of depression. Possibly also to examine the feasibility of using these markers in clinical use.