The vacuum-pneumatic type of the modified shallot skin sheller ABSTRAKMesin pengupas kulit bawang Tipe Vakum-Pneumatik (MPB TEP-0315) hasil modifikasi perlu dideskripsikan spesifikasi dan kelayakan ekonominya. Metode analisis deskriptif eksplanatori digunakan untuk mengamati mengukur, dan menghitung kinerja mesin serta kinerja ekonomi. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas teoritis dan aktual mesin berturut-turut adalah 14,57 g/detik, dan 8,67 g/detik dengan efisiensi mesin 59,60%, dan pada kebutuhan daya (untuk kompresor dan dekompresor) 2092,6 W rendemen pengupasan 70,20%. Tingkat kebisingan mesin rata-rata 69,25 dBA. Sementara getaran mesin rata-rata dengan dan tanpa beban beruturut-turut adalah 0,67 mm/s dan 1,67 mm/s. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi usaha pengupasan bawang merah memenuhi syarat pada nilai bersih sekarang (net present value, NPV) Rp 30.618.320,-, laju pengembalian modal (internal rate of return, IRR) 68,83%, rasio laba-biaya (benefit cost ratio, BCR) 1,20. Sedangkan periode pengembalian modal (pay back period, PBP) investasi tercapai pada tahun ke-2.

This study was conducted to assess the impact of oil extraction from kernel palm by two methods of extraction they are, mechanical press and solvent (hexane) extraction. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of extraction methods on physical chemistry properties of palm Elaeisguineensis kernel oil. Methods were used for extracting oil from palm kernel according to the method of Mandal and Lee, moreover physical chemistry analysis for oils was conducted by AOAC and AOCS methods. These results showed significant differences (P<0.05) of the extraction method between five physical chemistry parameters. In these results number of saponification, peroxide, and iodine of oil that was extracted by hexane, while density was extracted mechanically and the results showed significant difference with the standards of FAO and WHO. The results showed that the number of each parameter from solvent (hexane) and mechanical press are Saponification 194.29±0.20 mgKOH/g and 215.74±1.29 mgKOH/g, Peroxide 3.72±0.25 mgKOH/g and 3.39±0.31 mgKOH/g, Iodine 18.28±0.13 mgKOH/g and 22.8±0.23 mgKOH/g, Density 0.87±0.01 g/cm³ and 0.91±0.00 g/cm³, Viscosity 27.66±1.15 mm 2 /s and 40.66±2.08 mm 2 /s, FFA 1.33±0.17% and 1.83±0.04%, respectively. The color of the oil were clear yellow by hexane extract and brown by mechanical extract. These results showed that the extraction methods of palm kernel oil by hexane is better than mechanical extraction.

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang berasal dari minyak nabati. Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Untuk mendapatkan mutu biodiesel yang optimal, perlu dilakukan peningkatan asam lemak ester yang relevan melalui proses destilasi fraksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur destilasi fraksinasi terhadap mutu biodiesel, mengetahui fraksi biodiesel dengan rendemen dan mutu terbaik, serta mengetahui mutu biodiesel kemiri sunan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan analisis deskriptif. Destilasi fraksinasi dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan suhu yaitu A = 260-330°C; B = 330-348°C; dan C = 348-360°C. Percobaan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel terdestilasi pada perlakuan A dan B. Fraksi biodiesel terbaik apabila ditinjau dari kebutuhan mesin dan kebutuhan proses merupakan fraksi biodiesel hasil perlakuan A dengan perolehan nilai terbaik dari rendemen, viskositas kinematik, densitas, kadar air, bilangan asam, bilangan iod, titik nyala, serta angka setana secara berturut-turut adalah 16,08%; 2,69 mm2/s; 872,27 g/cm3; 0,22%; 0,27 mg KOH/g minyak; 17,83 g-I2/100 g minyak; 288,33°C; dan 71,50.Kata Kunci: Biodiesel, kemiri sunan, destilasi fraksinasi

In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole, the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds (Reutalis trisperma) is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be processed. By carrying out esterification and transesterification processes, the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). To make it usable for diesel engine, steps of further processes have been done, i.e., purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE method. The result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.

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