The influence of rosin (0.1-0.3%), alum (0.4-0.6%), polyaluminum chloride (0.3-0.7%), and starch (0.5-1.5%) in the making of paper from old corrugated container (OCC) pulp on the freeness, breaking length, tear index, and burst index of pulp and paper sheets was studied. Using a full factorial design to identify the optimum operating conditions, equations relating the dependent variables to the operational variables of the chemical additives were derived that reproduced the former with errors lower than 5%. Using a high starch (1.5%), high PAC (0.7%), low alum (0.4%), and low rosin (0.1%) combination led to pulp that was sufficient to obtain paper with good strength properties (breaking length 5720m; burst index: 3.1 kPam2g-1; tear index: 6.2mNm2/g; Cobb test: 94; fold endurance: 1.52). SEM analysis showed increasing bonding between fibers together at this level of additives. The influence of starch on Cobb test values was not significant.

Comparision between pulping of canola stalks with dimethyl formamide and diethylene glycol was studied in order to investigate the effects of cooking temperature (190˚C, 210˚C, and 230˚C), cooking time (120 min, 150 min, and 180 min) and dimethyl formamide or diethylene glycol (50%, 60%, and 70%) on the properties of pulp and paper. SCAN viscosity was applied to estimate the extent of cellulose degradation. Responses of pulp and handsheet properties to the process were analyzed using statistical software (MINITAB 15). The results showed that DMF pulp of canola was better than DEG pulp of Canola under the same conditions of cooking and organosolv ratio. In DMF pulping and DEG pulping, cooking temperature is a significant factor affecting paper properties. Analysis of results revealed that DMF pulp canola obtained at 230 °C, 180 min, and 70% DMF had a low kappa number (25) , indicating that the desired properties of the final product dictated the optimized pulping conditions.

Ballistic processing (BP) is a new process that promises almost instantaneous processing of thick and thin films, through the acceleration of a carrier through a molten metal stream. The mechanisms by which such films are produced are difficult to study due to the ultrarapid processing speeds involved. In this article, we use the thermal properties of the carrier to reveal the mechanisms of formation of these films. High-speed imaging and extensive postprocessing characterization were used to arrive at a fundamental understanding of the microstructural evolution of thick films in BP. Results show that the thermal characteristics of the carrier material play a role in the morphology, topography, structure, and mechanical behavior of the processed films. An increase in carrier thermal conductivity generally resulted in an increase in film thickness and apparent elastic modulus. Increasing the carrier speed beyond the current limit is forecasted to decrease the thickness and improve the properties.