Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is increasing worldwide. It can affect optimum glycemic management. This study was to determine the rate and influencing factors of CAM use among diabetes patients as well as their effect on glycemic control. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among T2DM patients attending the outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. It is a tertiary hospital in the northern part of Bangladesh. A face-to-face interview with a pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi-square (χ 2) test and multivariate logistic regression model were used in this study for data analysis. Results: Out of 244 T2DM patients, 86 (35.2%) used CAM. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that lower family income group (AOR = 8.7, 95% CI: 2.15-35.22, p-value 0.002), having no institutional education (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.17-9.87, p-value 0.025) and having diabetes for more than five years (AOR = 2.821, 95% CI: 1.34-5.94, p-value 0.006) were the most influential predictors of CAM use. The most commonly used CAMs were herbal products (67.4%) and homeopathic medicine (37.2%). Most of the CAM users (72%) were influenced by friends, neighbors, and family members. The most common reasons behind CAM use were reported to be the belief that CAM helped control diabetes better (44.2%) and easy availability and lower cost (27.9%). More than half of the users reported the efficacy of CAM as 'nothing significant', while others reported as somewhat good. 14% of CAM users experienced side-effects, especially gastrointestinal upset. It was observed that using CAM was associated with poor glycemic control (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.14-4.44, p-value 0.018). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that some modifiable factors are associated with the use of CAM, and it cannot maintain good glycemic control. So, patients should be made aware of the ineffectiveness and bad effects of CAM by enhancing educational and poverty-alleviating programs.

No abstract

A study of the distribution of oil in slender , medium (Jaya), and short (Bala) grain types of rice indicated that the oil content of the bran was highest in IR-22 (24.4%) followed by Jaya (22.8%) and Bala (15.2%) at a given (5%) polish percentage. Parboiling increased the oil yield of the bran in all the varieties, but much more in Jaya and Bala (7-9%) than in IR-22 (3%) indicating that in the slender IR-22, the oil was more concentrated in the surface layers of the grain. The oil content increased somewhat sharply in IR-22 and Bala up to 4.0 and 5.5% polish, respectively, and then declined with further polish. In Jaya, the increase was smaller and more or less constant up to 6~polish~ Changes due to parboiling were similar to those for raw samples with higher values for the parboiled samples. Distribution in surface fractions showed highest values for each fraction from the slender IR-22 followed by the medium Jaya and the short grain Bala. The pattern of distribution was, however, strikingly different in the slender variety compared to the others. Difference between raw and parboiled fractions in each variety was not similar: in IR-22, the increase in parboiled samples was 5-7%, 5-13% in Jaya, and as much as 1-11% in Bala.

No abstract