No abstract
RESUMENEl hepatocarcinoma tiene tendencia a invadir estructuras vasculares. Es infrecuente, sin embargo, la afectación de las venas hepáticas y las metástasis intracardíacas. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 68 años con hepatopatía crónica por virus C, que consulta por edema y dolor a nivel del miembro inferior izquierdo. Mediante eco doppler, se objetivó, trombosis venosa profunda a dicho nivel y el TAC tóraco-abdominal, mostró, trombosis completa de la vena cava inferior, trombosis de la vena suprahepática izquierda, un voluminoso trombo en aurícula derecha y una masa irregular en hígado. La alfafetoproteína fue de 77.046 ng/ml. La biopsia del trombo de aurícula derecha estableció el diagnóstico de hepatocarcinoma. Se comenta la evolución del paciente tras la intervención quirúrgica, la frecuencia y clínica de esta complicación y las posibilidades terapéuticas en estos pacientes. HEPATOCELLULAR INVOLVING VASCULAR STRUCTURES AND HEART: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT INTRODUCCIÓNEl carcinoma hepatocelular tiene tendencia a invadir las venas hepáticas (y a través de ellas, puede extenderse al lado derecho del corazón) así como la vena porta, en sus estadíos avanzados (1). Esta invasión vascular puede, no obstante, ser una complicación temprana que no indica necesariamente inoperabilidad del tumor, lo que pone de manifiesto la importancia de su diagnóstico (2). La incidencia de trombosis o afectación vascular es mucho más frecuente (13%) en casos de hepatocarcinoma que en tumores metastásicos (5%) o cirrosis (5%) (2).En general, existe una clara asociación entre tromboembolismo venoso y cáncer, sobre todo en pacientes mayores de 40 años. No obstante, sólo está justificado un screening invasivo de tumor primario ante la presencia de algún signo guía (3).Exponemos el caso de un paciente con carcinoma hepatocelular, trombosis venosa masiva y extensión a cavidades cardiacas derechas, comentando las técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas, tratamiento y evolución. CASO APORTADOVarón de 68 años de edad, sin antecedentes patológicos de interés, que consulta por edema y dolor a nivel de miembro inferior izquierdo. El paciente había sido estudiado ambulatoriamente por náuseas y dolor epigástrico detectándose en la analítica sanguínea aumento de transaminasas y serología positiva para hepatitis C. A la exploración física, el paciente presentaba buen estado general, ictericia conjuntival e ingurgitación venosa yugular. A nivel abdominal, existía circulación colateral sin semiología de ascitis y hepatomegalia de 2-3 cm. El miembro inferior izquierdo estaba edematoso y el
Background and objective ALL in elderly patients is associated with poor prognosis and many patients are not included in therapeutic trials. Consequently, the results of subtype-oriented protocols in elderly ALL are poorly known. We present the results of three prospective parallel subtype-oriented protocols from the Spanish PETHEMA group in ALL patients older than 55 years. Patients and Methods In 2008 three prospective phase II trials for ALL patients older than 55 yr with the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤3 were activated: ALLOld07 (Ph-negative patients, NCT01366898, n=54), ALLOPh07 (Ph-positive patients, NCT01376427, n=48) and BURKIMAB08 (mature B-ALL, NCT00388193, n=18). The ALL0ld07 protocol included moderate-dose induction chemotherapy without genotoxic drugs, followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy for 2 years (Gökbuget et al, ASH 2008), the ALL OPh07 included imatinib and dexamethasone for induction followed by maintenance therapy with mercaptopurine and methotrexate and imatinib for 2 years, followed by imatinib for one additional year (Ribera et al, Br J Haematol 2012; 159: 485-488), and the BURKIMAB08 protocol included specific therapy for Burkitt’s lymphoma/leukemia together with rituximab (Ribera et al, Cancer 2013; 119:1660-8). The main outcomes (early death [ED], complete remission [CR], remission duration [RD] and overall survival [OS]) and toxicity (CTCAE v4.0) were compared. Results 40, 45 and 16 patients from ALLOld07, ALLOPh07 and BURKIMAB08, respectively, were evaluable for this study. Patients with mature B-ALL were more frequently male, with poorer general status, higher frequency of bulky disease and higher LDH serum levels, whereas no significant differences were observed on comparison of ALLOld07 and ALLOPh07 patients. The comparison of the main outcomes of the three trials is shown in Table 1. By multivariate analyses for RD the protocol and WBC count were identified as prognostic factors (BURKIMAB08 was considered as reference category), with HR [95%CI] of 6.8 [0.9-52.1], p=0.064, when compared with ALL Old07 and 3.1 [0.4-24.8], p=0.278 when compared with ALL OPh07, global p value=0.042, and HR [95%CI]: 1.004 [1-1.009], p=0.058 for the WBC count, respectively. The ECOG score was the only variable influencing OS (HR [95%CI]: 0.4 [0.2;0.8], p=0.003). Hematological toxicity in induction and consolidation as well as infections were significantly less frequent in ALLOPh07 than in other two trials, whereas renal toxicity was more frequent in BURKIMAB08. Conclusion Risk-adapted therapy in elderly patients with ALL was feasible and produced significantly different results in terms of CR duration, being the best for mature B-ALL and the poorest for Ph-negative ALL. Supported by the grants PI10/01417 from FIS and RD12-0036-0029 from Instituto Carlos III Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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