This paper investigates the role of intellectual property in the modern post-industrial economy and its intensive commercialization of the country's competitive advantages in the global economic environment. The main purpose of the research is to prove the hypothesis about the crucial role of intellectual property development in ensuring expanded public reproduction and facilitating the global competitiveness of national economies through innovative modernization of production. To gain the research aim, the authors used a combination of theoretical synthesis and comprehensive statistical analysis. The study follows a deductive approach and theoretical background analysis followed by quantitative research of statistical data. It allowed arriving essential conclusions concerning the role of intellectual property in strengthening the global competitiveness of the national economy and practical policy implications regarding stimulating intellectual property commercialization within the national economy. Paper investigates transmission mechanisms that represent the impact of intensive commercialization of intellectual property on public reproduction and competitiveness of the national economy. Commercialization of intellectual property, defined as a range of activities envisaged for rapid implementation of intellectual activity, resulted in economic turnover to obtain strategic competitive advantages and generate economic profit supported by the transformation of intellectual property into intellectual capital used for the manufacturing of innovative, highly marginal products. Comprehensive statistical data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods (cluster analysis and principal components analysis). The findings proved the key role of intellectual property in the modern system of public reproduction. They demonstrated the multiplicative impact of intellectual property development on a country's competitive global economic environment. Obtained research results provided the basis for policy implications concerning the development of commercialization of intellectual property and stimulation of expanded reproduction of intellectual capital in Ukraine as a precondition of innovative modernization of national industries and acquiring strategic competitive advantages in a globalized market.

During the post-Great Recession period, macroeconomic stability had more often been threatened by socioeconomic shocks due to the rising of public discontent with the high unemployment rate and poverty, the activation of radical parties and movements, and the aggravation of the geopolitical confrontation in the world. Depending on the type and depth of such shocks, they become politically generated shocks and, in particular, affect the monetary sphere. The article investigates three types of politically generated shocks and their impact on the monetary sphere. It has been found out that the shocks generated by political populism are characterized by fiscal domination in the economy, the use of monetary measures in the budget deficit financing. Shocks arising after the use of international sanctions against certain countries have an external origin and primarily cause the increase in national exchange markets volatility. On the whole, macroeconomic and, especially, monetary instability is the result of the great shocks for the economy, the depth and duration of which are determined by the nature of the crisis, particularly, when country participates in the military conflict. The aforementioned types of politically generated shocks are analyzed based on the experience of countries such as Argentina, Turkey, and Ukraine, which at one time introduced the regime of inflation targeting in monetary policy, but were forced to modify it influenced by political and economic instability.

Abstract. In this paper we searched for the most important determinants of reserve holdings in Ukraine using quarterly data from 2000 to 2013 years. We evaluated their importance using two econometric techniques: autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) approach. We find that the ratio of imports to GDP, the ratio of broad money to GDP, ratio of net foreign direct investment to GDP, the ratio of short term debt to GDP and GDP determine Ukraine's long-run reserves demand function. Our empirical results show that shocks associated with the financial account is more dangerous for the Ukrainian economy than current account shocks. The low speed of adjustment coefficient of error correction model suggests that National Bank of Ukraine has to carry out more active reserve management policy. Results denied the precautionary motive of reserves accumulation over the long term. ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТ ПОПИТУ НА МІЖНАРОДНІ РЕЗЕРВИ В УКРАЇНІ: КОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИЙ АНАЛІЗАнотація. У даній статті за допомогою двох економетричних технік (побудова векторної моделі коригування помилки та побудова авторегресійної моделі з розподіленим лагом) виявлено наявність довгострокового та короткострокового зв'язку та його напрямок між міжнародними резервами та факторами, що визначають їх динаміку. Основними факторами, що зменшують резерви у довгостроковому періоді визначено зростання схильності до імпорту, зростання попиту на гроші та розміру короткострокового боргу за залишковим терміном погашення, тоді як збільшують резерви зростання обсягів ВВП та чистого припливу прямих 182 іноземних інвестицій. Доведено, що шоки, пов'язані з фінансовим рахунком платіжного балансу, є більш загрозливими для української економіки, ніж шоки поточного рахунку. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ СПРОСА НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ РЕЗЕРВЫ В УКРАИНЕ: КОИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫЙ АНАЛИЗАннотация. В статье с помощью двух эконометрических техник (построение векторной модели коррекции ошибок и построение авторегрессионной модели с распределенным лагом) выявлено наличие долгосрочной и краткосрочной связи и их направление между международными резервами и факторами, определяющими их динамику. К основным факторам, которые уменьшают резервы в долгосрочном периоде относятся рост склонности к импорту, рост спроса на деньги и размера краткосрочного долга по остаточному сроку погашения, тогда как рост объемов ВВП и чистого притока прямых иностранных инвестиций увеличивают резервы. Доказано, что шоки, связанные с финансовым счетом платежного баланса, являются более опасными для украинской экономики, чем шоки текущего счета платежного баланса.Ключевые слова: международные резервы, ARDL, VECM, шоки фынансового счета платежного баланса, шоки текущего счета платежного баланса

The article presents the results of the analysis of the current state of financial and credit relations between Ukrainian economic entities and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Currently, this issue is becoming surprisingly relevant for Ukraine, due to the lack of domestic financial resources, and therefore there is a need for active development of cooperation with this international financial institution in the context of resource support of expensive national projects. The purpose of the article is to conduct a study of current areas of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, their current status and possible prospects. There are substantiated the guiding principles of the organization of mutual cooperation of the EBRD with private and state economic entities during support of the transformation processes in Ukraine. Prospects for further development of cooperation with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are analyzed. To emphasize the importance of the role of the EBRD, there are given specific examples of successful projects, which are implemented with the financial support of the bank. Were identified the industries to which the vast majority of financial resources are directed and also was analyzed the dynamics of lending for the last 6 years. There is noted a reorientation of the target direction of loans for the implementation of infrastructure projects in comparison with the projects of other industries for the last period. Examples of refusals to finance projects are given and their reasons are analyzed. Was made an analysis of the dynamics of obtaining credit resources from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in quantitative and cost terms. Were identified the directions of the impact of the EBRD's cooperation with Ukraine on key areas of the national economy and also was provided an assessment of the potential benefits from the implementation of planned projects. It is proposed to create an advisory group of highly qualified banking specialists who carry out preliminary evaluation of projects and provide recommendations on their compliance with EBRD requirements. Based on the assessment of the current state of Ukraine's cooperation with the EBRD, expectations and forecasts were formed regarding its potential opportunities for development in the near future.

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