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Wool fabrics can be dyed with synthetic dyes and even with natural dyes. To present a different aspect to the coloration of wool, the current study was focused on a topping process (ie, the dyeing of wool that was already dyed) with different natural dye sources. For this purpose, the fabrics that were already dyed with a natural dye source were once again dyed with two different natural dyes. In bottom dyeing (bottoming), fabrics were dyed with hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in the presence of different mordanting agents. Then the dyed, washed and dried samples were once again dyed (topping) with two different natural dye sources. For topping, powdered madder and acorn were tested in direct dyeing of wool samples. Finally, the colour changes were analysed with the use of a spectrophotometer. The study demonstrates that such a process (ie, bottoming with hops in the presence of different mordanting agents and then topping with madder or acorn) can be a way of obtaining different shades and colours with sufficient/good fastness values by natural dyeing.

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can cause serious health and hygiene problems for this reason, products with antimicrobial activity gains importance day by day. As is known, textile products can also provide a suitable environment for the development of microorganisms. In this context, we aimed to develop textile products which can provide antimicrobial and antifungal effect. For this purpose, woolen fabrics were dyed with onion (Allium cepa) skins and juice of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) plant fruit in our study. The dyeings were carried out without using of any mordanting agent and no prior extraction of the herbal sources was carried out in other words these natural dye sources (onion skins and juice of Viburnum opulus plant fruit) were directly added to the dye bath. Samples after dyeing with these natural dye sources were tested in terms of antimicrobial activity using two bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aeroginosa) and a yeast strain (Candida albicans). Meanwhile the dyed samples were also investigated in terms of obtained colors. For this purpose, color measurement of the dyed samples has been managed and color efficiencies and color values has been collected. After the evaluation of the results, it was observed that onion (Allium cepa) skin and gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) fruit juice had an antimicrobial effect. While the dyed fabric with Viburnum opulus juice showed higher activity on bacterial strains, the onion skin had a higher effect on the yeast. Viburnum opulus provided the highest activity on E. coli, whereas onion skins showed the highest activity on C. albicans. Meanwhile it was observed that different colors can be obtained with the use of these tested natural dye sources

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