The results of this study raise concerns about the safety of BioGlue in coronary artery surgery. In light of our results, the use of BioGlue in large-vessel vascular surgery should be considered with great care for each individual patient.
The results of this short-term study show that the rabbit is an adequate as well as a sensitive model for the study of microanastomoses by glueing. Marked inflammatory reactions developed which may lead to vascular sclerosis or stenosis, and long-term studies are necessary to elucidate this problem further.
Good results with full physical activity are obtained after precise reduction and stable fixation of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus. To achieve full range of motion and avoid growth disturbance, it is necessary to perform a stable osteosynthesis.
ZusammenfassungAppositionsthromben sind mit einer Prävalenz von 0,2–6% eine nicht seltene Komplikation nach endovenösen Katheterverfahren. Mögliche Risikofaktoren wurden bislang noch nicht ausreichend untersucht, außerdem fehlen Standards für eine angemessene Prophylaxe und ein einheitliches Therapieschema. Wir haben eine retrospektive Analyse von 2015–2017 bezüglich der Prävalenz sowie möglicher Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten eines Appositionsthrombus nach endovenösen Verfahren im Venenzentrum Freiburg durchgeführt. Die in der Literatur beschriebenen Risikofaktoren wie, Gefäßdurchmesser> 7,5mm, simultane Miniphlebektomien sowie ein erhöhter BMI konnten nicht verifiziert werden. Die Stadieneinteilung und die Bezeichnungen des Appositionsthrombus im internationalen Gebrauch wie EHIT (endovenöse hitzeinduzierte Thrombose) und PASTE (post ablation superficial thrombus extension) sind irreführend, da diese Komplikation auch bei nicht-thermischen Verfahren auftreten kann und es sich um eine Thrombusextension ins tiefe Venensystem handelt. Daher empfehlen wir die modifizierte Bezeichnung PATE (post ablation thrombus extension). Ein PATE 0 entspricht einem planen Verschluss und ist somit ein Therapieerfolg. PATE I beschreibt eine Thrombusextension mit Einengung des Lumens der tiefen Vene bis zu 25%, PATE II bis 50% und PATE III >50%. Eine therapeutische Antikoagulation empfehlen die Autoren ab PATE II mit einer Dauer bis zum Verschwinden des Appositionsthrombus.
Objectives In addition to combined crossectomy and stripping or pure sclerotherapy, various endovenous thermal procedures are now available for treatment, which are compared in the present study.
Methods Between 2009 and 2013, the GSV was ablated in 297 patients using one of four methods: EVLA 1470 nm, ClosureFast, RFITT or superheated steam. The recurrence rate after treatment was defined as the primary endpoint. Follow-up examinations with duplex ultrasound took place 14 days, 3 months and 1 year post-operatively, and thereafter annually with average follow-up time of 3.8 years and a follow-up rate of 81 %.
Results At the time of the last follow-up examination, the following complete closure rates of treated GSV were found: ClosureFast 95 %, EVLA 97 %, RFITT 79 % and superheated steam 71 %. Serious complications occurred only with superheated steam (necrosis at the puncture site). The median pain intensity recorded 14 days post-operatively was 1–3 on a scale of 1–10. Both the CIVIQ score and the VCSS were significantly improved by all endovenous thermal methods. In 5–12 % of cases, reflux was found in the previously non-refluxive AASV.
Conclusions EVLA and ClosureFast are indicated for the treatment of GSV incompetence with high success rates, comparable to the results with crossectomy and stripping. The RFITT and superheated steam methods present significantly lower closure rates. Particular attention should be paid to the presence of an initially non-refluxive AASV. Since there was an increased recurrence rate over this vein, it seems reasonable to treat the AASV primarily.
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