Latar Belakang: Karies merupakan suatu penyakit yang ada di area mulut pada bagian gigi yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Salah satu tanaman simplisia yang dapat mencegah perkembangbiakan bakteri tersebut adalah batang serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) karena mengandung flavonoid yang dapat mencegah perkembangbiakan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan formula sediaan obat kumur ekstrak batang serai wangi yang dapat mencegah perkembang biakan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Pengujian stabilitas sediaan obat kumur dengan konsenstrasi 30%, 33% dan 36% dilakukan pada suhu ruang, suhu rendah, suhu tinggi dilakukan selama 28 hari dan metode cycling test selama 12 siklus, pengujian ini meliputi uji antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram, organoleptik, pH dan viskositas. Hasil: Hasil pengujian uji bakteri diawal stabilitas didapatkan zona hambat sebesar 12,70 mm; 14,10 mm; 14,20 mm, diakhir stabilitas didapatkan zona hambat sebesar suhu ruang (8,60 mm; 8,80 mm; 8,73 mm), suhu rendah (7,70 mm; 7,90 mm; 8,32 mm), suhu tinggi (7,87 mm; 7,90 mm; 7,36 mm) dan cycling test (6,97 mm; 8,07 mm; 8,57 mm). Hasil pengujian stabilitas pH memenuhi persyaratan mutu yaitu 5,00 sampai 5,55 (syarat pH 5-7). Hasil stabilitas uji viskositas didapatkan nilai yaitu 1,04-3,21 Cps. Kesimpulan: Sediaan obat kumur yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang paling besar adalah konsentrasi 36% dengan zona hambatnya yaitu 14.20 mm dikategorikan kuat. Kata kunci : Antibakteri, obat kumur, batang serai wangi, Streptococcus mutans
Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mempunyai sifat antibakteri dengan cara menghambat aktivitas glukosiltransferase pada bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Pengembangan daun kersen menjadi sediaan pasta gigi dianggap perlu sehingga penggunaannya lebih efesien dan maksimal. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan agar dapat memformulasikan ekstrak kental daun kersen sebagai sediaan pasta gigi yang memiliki sifat fisik yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental. Ekstraksi daun kersen dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% lalu dilakukan destilasi vakum sehingga menghasilkan ekstrak yang kental dari daun kersen. Kemudian ekstrak diformulasikan dalam sediaan pasta gigi sebesar 33% yaitu formula I, II dan III dengan variasi viscosity modifier Na CMC 3,0%, 3,5% dan 4,0%. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji sifat fisik selama penyimpanan selama empat minggu meliputi viskositas, pH, homogenitas, tinggi busa, bau, warna dan rasa. Berdasarkan hasil ekstrak yang didapat, diperoleh rendemen sebesar 7,36%. Hasil viskositas formula I berkisar 95055-116762 cp, formula II berkisar 121894-129891 cp dan formula III 128771-137552 cp. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut viskositas formula mengalami peningkatan selama penyimpanan. Pengukuran tinggi busa formula I berkisar 17-20 mm, formula II berkisar 17-18 mm dan formula III berkisar 17-19 mm. Didapatkan tinggi busa formula mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan. Ditinjau dari uji viskositas, pH, homogenitas, tinggi busa, bau, warna dan rasa ketiga formula menunjukkan hasil memenuhi syarat selama penyimpanan. Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak daun kersen yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan pasta gigi yang paling baik sifat fisiknya yaitu formula II dengan viscosity modifier Na CMC sebesar 3,5%.
The number of JKN participants increase continuously everyday. Therefore, health facilities should be grow and developed well to serve them. One of the facility is pharmacy. In Bogor, there are three districts that do not have BRP pharmacy, they are East Bogor, North Bogor and Tanah Sareal. The less and uneven of pharmacy on those districts will affect the eviciency and accesibility of the participants. We could say that the accesibility is not good on those districts. And if it does, it will affect the satisfaction of patients against the BRP. This research was conducted in Bogor City. The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of service performance and financial performance between BRP-Chronic pharmacy cooperating to BPJS and pharmacy non cooperating to BPJS. This research was conducted by using descriptive comparative method with qualitative and quantitative approach. It was build with survey, questionaire, observation and interview. Using purposing sampling, there was 2 BRP-Chronic pharmacies and 10 non BRP-Chronic pharmacies that become the sample of this research. The instruments were developed based on Permenkes number 73 on 2016. The qualitative data analysis method was made descriptively. The qualitative data was presented descriptively to explain the qualitative data. The result of this research showed that the BPR-Chronic pharmacies were more prime on pharmaceutical preparations, clinical pharmaceutical service, pharmaceutical service quality evaluation, and ensuring the availability. On the other hand, non cooperating to BPJS pharmacies were more excellent on pharmaceutical resources and service report. The result of financial performance research showed that pharmacy non cooperating to BPJS was better than BRP-Chronic. The BRP-Chronic has problem on claiming, not being collected and late claim payment. Pharmacy non cooperating to BPJS was rely on clients' prescriptions and suplement salling and also it use the new technology such as media social and e-commerce.
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