The effect of unemployment on suicide has not been clearly demonstrated, some studies have associated the increase in the number of suicides with the increase in unemployment during the economic crisis, other studies show that there is a non-linear relationship between unemployment and suicide. In order to analyze the consequences of the last global economic crisis, which began in the summer of 2008, on mortality by suicide in the European Union countries, between 2007-2015, we extracted the data on the mortality rate according to age group, genders and the cause of the underlying death from WHO and EUROSTAT databases.

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IntroductionDepression and apathy are among the most common psychiatric and behavioral disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This two psychiatric disorders are major determinants of quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to establish the prevalence and demographic and clinical correlates of depression and apathy in a sample of inpatients with Parkinson’s disease.AimsTo identify depression and apathy in a group of patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and to allow appropriate treatment to improve their quality of life.MethodsA number of 44 inpatients with Parkinson’s disease were investigated with the Starkstein’s Apathy Scale (AS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), the Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Mini -Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsApathy coexisted with depression in 34.1% of PD patients, compared with depression without apathy in 4.6%, and apathy without depression in 22.7%. Apathy was associated with higher UPDRS score, lower MMSE score and earlier HY stages. Depression was correlated with more advanced HY stages and younger age of patients with Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionsApathy and depression are common in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Therefore these two conditions should be screened and considered in the management of patients with Parkinson’s disease.

IntroductionSince 1897, Émile Durkheim noted that suicides occur more often during the economic changes that disrupt the social structure of society.Objective and aimsThe objective of this study is to analyze the consequences of last global economic crisis on mortality by suicide in the EU countries in period 2007–2012.Material and methodWe extracted data on mortality from the WHO database and unemployment trends from the EUROSTAT database. We had used this data to calculate the effect of unemployment on suicide rate, in pre-2004 and post-2004 EU countries.ResultsIf the number of suicides from 2007 was maintained in 2008–2012 period, EU 27 countries would have registered with 16,572 fewer suicides. The increase of suicides is based on the increasing number of suicides in men. The small increase in the suicide rate was recorded in Austria, France, Hungary and Slovenia. Luxembourg was the only country where the number of suicides was lower compared to 2007. In 2008, we can notice a slight decrease in the unemployment rate compared to 2007 and an increase in suicide by 3% in both groups of countries, followed by increasing suicide only in the post-2004 EU, where reach 10% in 2010, followed by a slight decrease in the coming years, while the unemployment rate gradually increases to 46% compared with 2007.ConclusionsIn European Union countries, suicides have increased both before and during the crisis, in periods in which unemployment rose. States that joined the EU after 2004 are more vulnerable in times of crisis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.