Кафедра хірургії (зав.-проф. І.Ю. Полянський) Буковинського державного медичного університету, м. Чернівці ГОСТРИЙ ПЕРИТОНІТ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ-ПРОБЛЕМИ, ЗДОБУТКИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ Резюме. Узагальнено досвід лікування понад 1200 хворих на гострий перитоніт впродовж 20 років. Для хворих застосована розроблена лікувальна тактика, яка базується на проведених дослідженнях механізмів патогенезу гострого перитоніту. Основою вибору комплексу лікувальних заходів становила запропонована класифікація гострого перитоніту. Наведений комплексний підхід передбачає використання розроблених методів діагностики перитоніту, санації і дренування очеревинної порожнини, визначення життєздатності порожнистих органів травлення, способів накладання швів і профілактики їхньої неспроможності, методів післяопераційного лікування. Застосування такої тактики дозволило знизити летальність при поширених формах перитоніту до 8,67%.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain an urgent issue in clinical pediatrics. Empirical selection of antibacterial therapy becomes more complicated, and antibacterial drug indication is not always clinically substantiated. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of the main group of urinary tract infectious agents from 2009–2016 with intermediate results from 2020–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, among children in the Chernivtsi region. Urine samples were collected from 3089 children (0–17 years old) treated at the health care institutions in the Chernivtsi region (2009–2016). The clinical-laboratory examination of 177 children (0–17 years old) was carried out from 2020 to 2021. The children received specialized medical care at the Department of Nephrology. Preliminary data of regional monitoring (2020–2021) are not considerably different from the previous regional susceptibility of antibiotics: to penicillin (p<0.01), ІІ-ІІІ generation cephalosporin (p<0.01); an increased resistance to levofloxacin (χ2=4,338; p<0.01), tetracycline – χ2=7,277; p<0.01; doxycycline – χ2=5,309; p<0.01) and imipenem – χ2=5,594; p<0.01). The data obtained did not explain an increased resistance to fluoroquinolones completely (ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin), except for levofloxacin (χ2=4,338; p<0.01). A reliable difference of susceptibility of tetracycline group was registered (tetracycline – χ2=7,277; p<0.01; doxycycline – χ2=5,309; p<0.01). Furthermore, there was a regional increase in some UTI-pathogen strains resistant to carbapenems (imipenem – χ2=5,594; p<0.01). The use of antibiotics from the group of penicillins and II-III generation cephalosporins as the starting antibacterial therapy for STIs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be justified. A regional increase (2020–2021) of some uropathogenic strains resistant to carbapenems administered to treat severe bacterial infections requires their exclusively designated purpose in everyday pediatric practical work.
ІМУНОКОРЕКЦІЯ ПРИ ГОСТРОМУ ПЕРИТОНІТІ Резюме. Проаналізовано результати лікування 105 хворих на розповсюджений гострий перитоніт та на поширений гострий перитоніт з ознаками абдоминального сепсису з урахуванням гуморальної ланки імунітету у пацієнтів, що знаходились у лікувальному закладі. Узагальнено досвід використання в умовах найбільш вираженого імунного виснаження плазми донорів-реконвалесцентів, які перехворіли на гострий перитоніт. Досліджено ефективність використання різноманітних прийомів при тих чи інших ускладненнях, які мали місце. Ключові слова: розповсюджений гострий перитоніт, абдоминальний сепсис, релапаротомія, запрограмована лапароперція.
In pathogenesis of peritonitis an important role is played by inflammatory mediators -cytokines, which are low molecular weight protein mediators produced by different cells (endothelial cells, leukocytes, fibroblasts, etc.) [3,4]. Nowadays, dozens of cytokines are known, but the most studied cytokines are involved in the process of formation of multiple organ failure syndrome (interleukins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferons, eicosans, growth factor, etc.) [1,5]. However, there are not so many generalizing works which would define the indications for the use of antioxidant and anticytokine therapy for patients with acute peritonitis.This retrospective study was approved by Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Bukovinian State Medical University. The study included 96 patients aged 28 to 77 years with a diagnosis of acute peritonitis who were treated in the surgical department of the Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital between 2013 and 2018 Patients were randomly divided into two clinical groups: the control group (n = 40) and the experimental group (n = 56). The failure to sew anastomosis and perforation of acute digestive channels were the main causes of the development of acute peritonitis in patients of both control and experimental groups. All patients were operated in an urgent order: the place of infection was liquidated and or restricted, the primary places were sanitized and drained. Traditional therapies were prescribed in the postoperative period. According to the generally accepted methods, the activities of peroxide oxidation, ceruloplasmin (CP), glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CT) along with the content of malodoldehyde (MA) in erythrocytes were evaluated. The concentration of serum cytokine levels such as TNFa -tumor necrosis factor, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-1Ra, IL-1Ra / TNFa was studied by the Flow Laser Cytophlurometry (PARTEC) method. Patients in the experimental group, in addition to the usual therapy, received "Dalargin" 2 mg 3 times a day intramuscularly, "Petxifilin" 300 mg per 400 ml of physiological solution 2 times a day intravenously and "Refortan" 500 ml of the solution daily.It was found that the patients with autistic group had a decreased level of MA by 37.3% and OMP -by 29.7% after the surgery. The increase of MA and OMP levels (by 42.3%) was noticed on 3rd day after operation. However, these indices in the patients of the experimental group were almost unchanged in comparison to the 1st day. The activity of peroxide oxidation processes became higher in the blood of patients in the control group on 5th day after the operation, than it was before it. In the patients of the research group, these indices were significantly lower.It was established that the activity of CP in the blood plasma of patients of the control group decreased progressively from the 1st to the 5th day of the postoperative
Кафедра хірургії (зав.-проф. І.Ю. Полянський) Буковинського державного медичного університету, м. Чернівці ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ГОСТРОГО ПЕРИТОНІТУ Резюме. Наведено аналіз клініко-імунологічного обстеження 49 хворих на різні форми перитоніту. Доведено, що в умовах виснаження функціональної здатності захисних механізмів та вторинного імунодефіциту у хворих з ІІІ-Б, ІV ступенем тяжкості перитоніту, проведення імуностимуляції є недоцільним. З метою корекції вторинного імунодефіциту в комплексному лікуванні обґрунтовано введення плазми донорів-реконвалесцентів, що перехворіли на гострий перитоніт. Ключові слова: перитоніт, титр специфічних антитіл, вторинний імунодефіцит.
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