We have studied the state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of the liver and pancreas of the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, we considered the approaches to the correction of membraneous lesions with the help of glycorazmulin, a hypoglycemic preparation based on mumiyo (Jew's tar) and an extract from rhodiola roots and tubers (Rhodiola Semenovii A.). The mitochondria swelling rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes mellitus is known to be lower than in the unaffected animals; in other words, hepatic and pancreatic megapores in case of pathology remain open. Glycorazmulin normalizes their state and thereby eliminates the effect of spreptozotocin on mitochondria. The mitochondrial respiration rate in the liver and pancreas of the rats with experimental diabetes inceases at states V3 and V4 which results in a significant decrease of respiratory and ADP/O coefficients compared with the control values. The results of the study suggest decoupling of respiration from oxidative phosphorylation in the rats with experimental diabetes. Glycorazmulin administered per os at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. during 8 days eliminated functional disorders of mitochondria in the liver and pancreas of the rats, presumably by virtue of its antioxidative properties.

547.915;615.322.616 Rhodiola Semenovii (Rgl. et Herd.) Boriss. (Semenov rhodiola) (Crassulaceae) is used in folk medicine for gastrointestinal diseases and tuberculosis. However, its chemical composition is little studied [1].Mumiyo is a natural product and is also used in medicinal preparations [2]. The goal of our work was to isolate and study the composition of fatty acids in aqueous extracts of Rhodiola roots, mumiyo, and a substance prepared from them. Aqueous extracts were obtained by boiling Rhodiola roots and mumiyo [3]. The fatty-acid composition of the aqueous extract of Rhodiola roots has not been reported.Lipids from the air-dried extracts were extracted three times by CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH (2:1), stirring each time on a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Then, lipid extracts were combined and washed of nonlipid components using aqueous CaCl 2 (0.04%). The CHCl 3 was removed. The total lipids were hydrolyzed by KOH in CH 3 OH (10%) with refluxing on a boiling water bath. The reaction mixture was cooled and treated with distilled water (10-15 mL) and H 2 SO 4 solution (10%) until the reaction mixture was acidic. The released fatty acids were extracted three times with diethylether. The ether was distilled off. The fatty acids were converted to the methyl esters using diazomethane [4].The total fatty-acid methyl esters were purified of ballast substances by TLC on silica gel using hexane:ether (8:2). The methyl-ester band (R f 0.85) was collected and eluted from the silica gel using CHCl 3 . The solvent was removed. The yields of methyl esters from the studied specimens were as follows (mass %): extract of R. Semenovii root, 0.55; mumiyo, 0.75; substance, 0.72.Next the methyl esters were dissolved in hexane (0.1 mL) and chromatographed in a Chrom-5 instrument with a flameionization detector using a steel column (2.5 m) of internal diameter 4 mm packed with Reoplex 400 (15%) on Inerton N-AW at 194°C and vaporizer temperature 260°C. The carrier gas was N 2 and H 2 at 30 mL/min. Table 1 lists the fatty-acid composition of the substance and its components. TABLE 1. Fatty-Acid Composition of Extracts, mass % Acid Rhodiola Mumiyo Substance Caprylic (8:0) Caprinic (10:0) Lauric (12:0) Tridecanoic (13:0) Myristic (14:0) Pentadecanoic (15:0) Palmitic (16:0) Palmitoleic (16:1) Margaric (17:0) Steric (18:0) Oleic (18:1) Linoleic (18:2) Linolenic (18:3) Arachic (20:0) Σ sat.

The physicochemical and technological properties of immunstifin parent substance (salidroside obtained from the dry extract of Rhodiola rosea) have been studied in order to select the composition and optimize the technology of the drug in capsules. The results showed the necessity of introducing excipients into the capsule composition. The best characteristics were obtained with the addition of starch, aerosil, and magnesium stearate in the following amounts: immunstifin substance, 0.1 g; potato starch, 0.098; aerosil, 0.0002; magnesium stearate, 0.0018. The average mass of a capsule is about 0.2000 g. This mixture was used to fill capsules soluble in the acidic media of gastric juice. Tests with immunstifin capsules in 0.1% solution met the pharmacopoeial quality requirements with respect to disintegration, dissolution, appearance, and all other indices.