Cystic fibrosis (CF) promotes the development of gingivitis in children. The high prevalence and early manifestation of gingivitis is due to a combination of many factors. The pathogenic mechanisms of cystic fibrosis lead to disruption of normal physiological processes in the oral cavity, in particular, to a decrease in the level of salivation, to an increase in the viscosity of saliva, to a suppression of local immunity. Therefore, poor oral hygiene contributes to oral diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the level of oral hygiene in children with CF as one of the reasons for the development of gingivitis, and to select dental hygiene products that active towards factors that affect plaque. Material and methods. A total of 24 children with CF in the Ukrainian population participated in the study. The hygienic index OHI-S (J. C. Green, J. R. Wermillion, 1964) was calculated. The data were analyzed using Student’s criterions. The analysis was performed with a confidence level of 95 %. Results. The level of hygiene of the oral cavity was unsatisfactory among patients (OHI-S=2.19±0.11). Hygiene methods and dental hygiene products, to taking into account the manifestation of the pathogenesis of somatic disease, were selected. A follow-up study after 3 months revealed a significant positive trend in indicators of oral hygiene. Conclusions. This study has shown the low level of oral hygiene in children with CF. Hygienic education and motivation of these patients could help them achieve a higher level of oral health knowledge and are important starting points for the treatment and prevention of gingivitis. There was a significant improvement of the oral hygiene level after training children and after the proper selection of hygiene products. The dentists should use means and methods that have not contraindicate in patients of this category. It is recommended to monitore the hygiene indices to establish the effectiveness of the measures and necessity for individually therapy correction.

The importance of the topic of this article is due to the fact that during the reform of the educational process innovations are needed in the self-training of teachers, so it is important to explore the strategic objectives of contemporary education: formal, nonformal, informal. The purpose of the article is to study and justify the importance of teacher activity in the pedagogical process, highlighting the strategic objectives of formal, nonformal, informal education for self-improvement in the postmodern society. The article gives a theoretical justification for the concepts of formal, nonformal and informal education, considers the innovative perspectives of these concepts in the research of foreign scientists; determined effective conditions for the implementation of nonformal education through the integration platform tools; the specifics of integration of formal, nonformal and integrated education are presented. Nowadays, the change of these forms of education is associated not only with the independent development of each of them, but also with the tendency to combine their prospects. Moreover, it has become clear that formal education, although systemic but inertial, is not able to efficiently respond to students’ demands. As a result, it cannot provide the real continuity necessary for the personal and professional development of a contemporary individual, doomed to a lifelong learning in the conditions of high dynamic changes in the world around.

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The article presents the study of biophysical and biochemical properties of saliva and polymorphism of the MUC5B protein gene in children with cystic fibrosis. It has been determined that the development of chronic gingivitis in children with cystic fibrosis occurs secondary to an increase in saliva elasticity and a decrease in salivation rate. The presence of the MUC5B gene allele with 9 repeats (59 bp) in the intron 36 in the genotype for cystic fibrosis patients likely indicates a lower tendency to gingivitis, while the patients possessing the allele with 6 repeats in the genotype were found to have a higher percentage of moderate gingivitis. These data could be used to predict the development of chronic gingivitis, depending on the genetic polymorphism of the MUC5B gene and to form risk groups for differentiated prescription of preventive and therapeutic measures.

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