The article presents data about maternal and prenatal influences lead to «programming» of arterial hypertension (AH) in the child's later life. A special group that is threatened by the development of AH at an older age is premature children and children with intrauterine development delay due to a small number of nephrons and the launch of prenatal programming of hypertension. The state of the mother's health before conception, as well as the use of assisted reproductive technologies, despite a normal pregnancy in general and the birth of a healthy newborn can provoke the development of hypertension in childhood.

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The article presents a clinical case of the development of medullary nephrocalcinosis in the patient with Williams syndrome. First manifestations of nephrocalcinosis in the patient were detected during the first year of life and preserved until 8 years of age. According to the world literature, the development of hypercalcemia can occur in 40% of patients with Williams syndrome, 5% of patients develop nephrocalcinosis with further progression of renal dysfunction and development of kidney stone disease. The presented case demonstrates the necessity of differential diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis with inclusion of Williams syndrome into the list of diagnoses under consideration, as well as the problem of managing children with Williams syndrome, considering the possibility of the nephropathy development. A comprehensive approach to the management of patients with Williams syndrome should also include monitoring by a nephrologist. Such approach will enable timely prevention and avoid serious kidney complications in patients with Williams syndrome. Key words: Williams syndrome, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, kidney stone disease

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The survival rate among children with cancer was significantly improved in recent years. About 40% of these patients, however, suffer from late complications of anticancer treatment. Risk factors of late kidney impairment include beginning of specific treatment before the age of 5 years; pre-existing kidney pathology; high cumulative dose of chemotherapy agents and radiation; surgery, including neurotomy. It is currently impossible to predict individual long-term effects of therapy. For this reason, the International Cancer Group suggests that all children who have undergone specific antitumor therapy be included in the risk group for the development of longterm complications, and to follow up asymptomatic patients surviving cancer without kidney function and structure impairment with at least yearly monitoring of blood pressure, blood count, urinalysis, serum creatinine, urea, K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, alkaline phosphatase. We described the spectrum of kidney diseases including ureterohydronephrosis, renovascular hypertension, Fanconi syndrome, and postradiation nephrosclerosis manifested from 8 months to 8 years after specific antitumor treatment.