It is necessary to develop a fast and inexpensive fabrication process of vertical electric wiring by through-silicon via (TSV) technology for advanced three-dimensional semiconductor devices. In this research, a fast-forming conductive composite was successfully developed by simultaneous deposition of conductive organic polymer (polypyrrole) and metal (silver) from the liquid phase, accelerated by photoirradiation. The growth rate of the composite was 38 nmÁs À1 , which is more than 10 times higher than that of copper by conventional plating. The electric conductivity of the composite was 2:1 Â 10 4 À1 Ácm À1 , which is on the same level as general metal conductors. In addition, the effects of reaction conditions on the growth rate and the conductivity of the composites were revealed. From these results, the infilling time of the TSV was expected to shorten from the present 2-10 h to 5-10 m. #

On the base of Probability Density Functional (PDF) a self-learning neural-network approach is synthesized for the restoration of an arbitrary atmospherically distorted coherent images. Learning capabilities and potential accuracies of the synthesized algorithm are studied. Electro-optical implementation and results of numerical simulation of this approach are discussed.

Reaction-diffusion systems which include processes of the form A + A → A orA + A → ∅ are characterized by the appearance of 'imaginary' multiplicative noise terms in an effective Langevin-type description. However, if 'real' as well as 'imaginary' noise is present, then competition between the two could potentially lead to novel behaviour. We thus investigate the asymptotic properties of the following two 'mixed noise' reaction-diffusion systems. The first is a combination of the annihilation and scattering processes 2A → ∅, 2A → 2B, 2B → 2A, and 2B → ∅. We demonstrate (to all orders in perturbation theory) that this system belongs to the same universality class as the single species annihilation reaction 2A → ∅. Our second system consists of competing annihilation and fission processes, 2A → ∅ and 2A → (n + 2)A, a model which exhibits a transition between active and absorbing phases. However, this transition and the active phase are not accessible to perturbative methods, as the field theory describing these reactions is shown to be non-renormalizable. This corresponds to the fact that there is no stationary state in the active phase, where the particle density diverges at finite times. We discuss the implications of our analysis for a recent study of another active/absorbing transition in a system with multiplicative noise. § Present address:

Expectation of greatly enhanced nonlinearities in semiconductor multiple quantum well (MQW) structures has motivated extension of the study of their photorefractive properties [1-3].

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