AbstrackDespite the fact that reformation has been running for 16 (i) a blend of a multiparty system with a presidential system, (ii) the occurrence of a coalition in a presidential system, and (iii) the reduction of presidential powers after the amendment. Second, it requires several steps to establish a presidential system: (i) simplification of political parties; (ii) strengthening the functions and performance of the political parties; (iii) forming a permanent coalition of political parties; (iv) revoking legislative authority of the president; (v) authorizing the presidential veto in the passage of legislation; (vi) depending on leadership style of the president; vii) implementing a district election system. Key words : Presidential system, anomaly, amendment of the 1945 constitution AbstrackMeskipun Reformasi telah bergulir selama 16 tahun, namun gagasan penguatan Sistem Presidensial masih tetap menjadi wacana bahkan semakin melemah dan menimbulkan anomali atau penyimpangan. Masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama, apakah penyebab terjadinya anomaly sistem pemerintahan presidensial pasca amandemen Undang Undang Dasar 1945?; Kedua, Bagaimana membentuk sistem pemerintahan presidensial yang efektif untuk kepentingan pemerintahan di Indonesia?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, terjadinya anomaly sistem presidensial pasca amandemen UUD 1945 dipengaruhi oleh tiga sebab: (i) perpaduan sistem multipartai dengan sistem presidensial, (ii) terjadinya koalisi dalam sistemp residensial, dan (iii) reduksi kekuasaan presiden pasca amandemen. Kedua, untuk membentuk sistem presidensial maka diperlukan beberapa langkah: (i) penyederhanan partai politik.(ii) penguatan fungsi dan performa partai politik. (iii) membentuk koalisi partai politik yang permanen. (iv) mencabut kewenangan legislasi presiden (v) presiden diberikan hak veto dalam pengesahan undang-undang.(vi) gaya kepemimpinan presiden.(vii) menerapkan sistem permilu distrik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diskursus pembatalan Perda pasca dikeluarkannya putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 atas pengujian UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 terhadap UUD 1945 yang dibatasi dalam dua rumusan masalah. Pertama, bagaimana implementasi pengujian Perda pasca Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016?. Kedua, apakah dampak putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 terhadap perkembangan hukum pemerintah daerah? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pasca putusan MK pengujian Perda hanya dilakukan oleh sebuah lembaga yudisial melalui judicial review di Mahkamah Agung. Kedua, terdapat dua dampak penting atas dikeluarkannya putusan MK, pertama, dengan dibatalkannya Pasal 251 UU No. 23 Tahun 2014 maka hal ini mengakhiri dualisme pengujian Perda, karena Menteri tidak dapat lagi melakukan executive review. Kedua, putusan MK o. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 tidak menghapuskan pengawasan Pusat terhadap Perda karena masih dapat dilakukan pengawasan preventif melalui executive preview.This study aimed to analyze the discourse of cancellation after the issuance of local regulations following the Constitutional Court decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 on judicial review of Law No. 23 2014 towards the 1945 Constitution which are restricted in two formulation of the problem. First, how is the implementation of a post-test Constitutional Court Regulation No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016? Second, what are the effects of the Constitutional Court decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 on the development of the local government law? This study is a normative with statute approach and case approach. The data used was secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that: firstly, the following decision of the Constitutional Court about regional regulations review can only be conducted by a judicial body through a judicial review in the Supreme Court. Secondly, there are two important effects on the issuance of the decision of the Constitutional Court, first, by the cancellation of Article 251 of Law No. 23 year 2014 then the duality of local regulation testing is ended, because the Minister can no longer perform executive review. Second, the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 does not abolish the supervision of the Center Government because they do preventive supervision through executive preview.

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This study aimed to examine and find out about the requirements and mechanisms for the election of Golkar and PPP candidates of leaders, as well as to evaluate the mechanisms and requirements of the leadership succession in Golkar and PPP in order to ensure a smooth process of leadership succession so as to avoid any leadership dualism. The problems of this study were (1) How are the mechanisms and requirements of the leadership succession in Golkar and PPP? (2) Are the mechanisms and requirements of the leadership succession in Golkar and PPP able to provide legal certainty to avoid leadership dualism? This was a normative legal research with statute approach. The data were secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings showed that both Golkar and PPP have set in details the requirements and mechanisms of leadership succession in their Statutes and Bylaws. Therefore, seen from the legal-formal aspect, the Statutes and Bylaws of these parties are able to serve as the rule of the game in leadership succession. However, conflicts still occur because some party elites do not have adherence to the rules that leadership dualism is unavoidable.

Legal aid and protection for disabled people are still difficult to get. Worse, there are not any legal institutions which protect them. The problems discussed in this research are: first, how is the issue of legal aid to disabled people as criminal victims and its challenges? Second, what kinds of legal aid that should be given to disabled people as criminal victims in order to bring access to justice? This was an empirical and normative legal research. The research findings show that: first, the advocacy of disabled people as the victims of violence has been handled by several LSM (Non-Governmental Organizations) in the field of legal aid. Most of the handled cases are discontinued in the middle of the process due to some issues regarding the legal aids, such as issues related to legal aid agencies, disabled victims, victims, and law enforcement apparatus. Second, the ideas suggested to legal aid agencies are to provide supervision from psychologists, translators, and special advocates to handle disabled victims. The ideas suggested to the police are to provide special investigating officers for disabled people, such as assigning police woman for rape and violence cases involving disabled woman victims; and in the judicial proceedings i.e. by one time investigation system in the investigation step in which judges review the victims' testimony based on police investigation report in the investigation step.