Saccharopolyspora indica sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Electron Microscope Facility, NIN, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaA novel actinomycete strain, designated VRC122 T , was isolated from a Callistemon citrinus rhizosphere sample collected from New Delhi, India, and its taxonomic status was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Strain VRC122T was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-acid-alcohol-fast strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the strain was placed in a well-separated sub-branch within the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found with Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. kobensis JCM 9109 T (98.71 %), Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica I05-00074 T (98.69 %) and Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis W12 T (98.66 %); 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type strains of all other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora were below 98 %. Chemosystematic studies revealed that it contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Arabinose and galactose were the predominant whole-cell sugars. Diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. MK-9(H 6 ) was the predominant menaquinone. C 14 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0, iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , C 17 : 0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 mol%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization (30 %, 22 % and 25 %, respectively) with type strains of the above-mentioned species, in combination with differences in physiological and biochemical data supported that strain VRC122 T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora indica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is VRC122 T (5KCTCThe genus Saccharopolyspora was first described by Lacey & Goodfellow (1975) and was assigned to the family Pseudonocardiaceae (Warwick et al., 1994). At the time of writing, the genus consists of 21 recognized species, namely Saccharopolyspora hirsuta (Lacey & Goodfellow, 1975) cavernae ' (Cheng et al., 2013), have been published but the names that are yet to be validly published. In the present study, we describe the taxonomic characterization of a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora. Strain VRC122T was isolated from a rhizosphere sample of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, from New Delhi, IndiaThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain VRC122T is JX411621. (GPS coordinates for the sampling site: 28 u 369 500 N 77 u 129 320 E), with the prospect that they might produce novel antimicrobial agents. Soil samples were collected in sterile tubes and brought to the laboratory of Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Samples were dried in laminar flow under aseptic conditions. By using the serial dilution technique, samples were made up to 10 25 dilu...

WNIN/Ob obese mutant rats are unique in comparison to similar rodent models of obesity established in the West. The present study is aimed to evaluate the masticatory function and histological changes in masseter muscle fibres treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in WNIN/Ob rats. Twelve WNIN/Ob obese rats and 12 lean rats at 35 days of age were taken and divided into four groups (6 rats in each group): Group-I (WNIN/Ob) and Group-II (lean) rats were injected with BoNT/A (1 unit) into right side of masseter muscle. For control left masseter of both phenotypes was injected with saline. Group-III (WNIN/Ob) and Group-IV (lean) rats were without any treatment. Growth and food intake was monitored daily for 45 days. Rats were euthanized and gross necropsy was carried out to check any abnormalities. Masseter muscles were dissected and mean muscle mass was recorded. Small portion of muscle was stored in 10% formalin for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and remaining tissue stored in gluteraldehyde for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is a significant decrease in the body weights and food intake of BoNT/A treated obese rats. The H&E staining of the masseter muscle in both groups showed normal morphology and orientation. The SEM analysis showed that, fibre size in BoNT/A treated masseter muscle of obese rats increased more than the saline treated side and in control rats. The increase in the muscle fibre size and transition of muscle fibre subtypes may be due to the reduced masticatory function of the masseter muscle. SCANNING 38:396-402, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.