Diabetes related lower extremity complication increase the risk for amputation which include peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and infection. Peripheral arterial disease is estimated to be 2 to 4 times more common in persons with diabetes than in others. Buerger Allen exercise intended to improve feet, legs circulation and relieve the symptoms in patients with lower limbs arterial insufficiency. Therefore, the aim of the study, evaluate the effect of Burger Allen exercise on lower limb perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method and sample, Quasi-experimental research design was conducted in the diabetic and endocrine ward and diabetic foot clinic in Specialized-Medical Hospital, at Mansoura University. The sample of this study composed of 48 adult patients with type 2 Diabetes who attend the diabetic ward and diabetic foot clinic in Specialized-Medical Hospital throughout six months. Patients randomly assigned into two matched groups; study group (group A) and control group (group B). Results, indicates significant improvement into patients lower extremity perfusion by using Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) scale after performance of Buerger Allen exercise and at the same time it helped to improve the vascularity and thus promotes the wound healing process. Conclusion, positive effect of Buerger Allen exercise on diabetic patients lower extremity perfusion.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is the curative treatment of choice for many malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders, nurses play a crucial role in patients' care. So, they must be knowledgeable and aware of recent trends in diagnosis and treatment, competent and able to apply their knowledge of nursing into practice. Aim: evaluate the effect of an educational program on knowledge, and performance of nurses caring for patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Sample: Convenient sample of all available nurses (30 nurses) in stem cell transplantation unite, Oncology Center, affiliated to Mansoura University Hospitals. Methodology: Quasiexperimental design was used. Tools: Two tools were used Structured interviewing questionnaire, and performance chick list. Results: that most of the studied nurses (80%) had poor knowledge level before application of educational program after application of educational intervention most of the studied nurses (83.7%) become knowledgeable about stem cell transplantation. Also, performance level of the studied nurses about stem cell transplantation reach 90% after application of educational program. Conclusion: there were highly significant development in nurses' knowledge and performance after application of educational program about stem cell transplantation. Recommendations: continuous nursing education and training programs should be implemented regularly in stem cell transplantation unit.

Background: Mandibular fractures are among the most common maxillofacial fractures which affect talking and swallowing ability. Aim: To evaluate the effect of implementing teaching program on patient outcomes suffering from mandibular fracture. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Setting: The current study was conducted at Plastic & Reconstructive Burn Center and Mansoura university hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 80 conscious adult patients with mandibular fracture was recruited in the study. Tools of the study: Three tools were